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Let $D=(V,A)$ be a digraphs without isolated vertices. A vertex-degree based invariant $I(D)$ related to a real function $\varphi$ of $D$ is defined as a summation over all arcs, $I(D) = \frac{1}{2}\sum_{uv\in A}{\varphi(d_u^+,d_v^-)}$,…

组合数学 · 数学 2021-05-03 Hanyuan Deng , Jiaxiang Yang , Zikai Tang , Jing Yang , Meiling You

The first geometric-arithmetic (GA) index and atom-bond connectivity (ABC) index are molecular structure descriptors which play a significant role in quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) and quantitative structure-activity…

组合数学 · 数学 2016-07-26 Zahid Raza , Akhlaq Ahmad Bhatti , Akbar Ali

Topological indices have important role in theoretical chemistry for QSPR researches. Among the all topological indices the Randi\'c and the Zagreb indices have been used more considerably than any other topological indices in chemical and…

组合数学 · 数学 2017-01-12 Süleyman Ediz

The aim of this paper is to obtain new inequalities for a large family of topological indices restricted to unicyclic graphs and to characterize the set of extremal unicyclic graphs with respect to them. This family includes variable first…

组合数学 · 数学 2021-03-16 Álvaro Martínez-Pérez , José M. Rodríguez

The F-index of a graph is defined as the sum of cubes of the vertex degrees of the graph. This was introduced in 1972, in the same paper where the first and second Zagreb indices were introduced to study the structure-dependency of total…

组合数学 · 数学 2015-11-23 Nilanjan De , Sk. Md. Abu Nayeem , Anita Pal

The hyper Zagreb index is a kind of extensions of Zagreb index, used for predicting physicochemical properties of organic compounds. Given a graph $G= (V(G), E(G))$, the first hyper-Zagreb index is the sum of the square of edge degree over…

组合数学 · 数学 2016-12-08 Shaohui Wang , Wei Gao , Muhammad K. Jamil , Mohammad R. Farahani , Jia-Bao Liu

Let $G = (V, E)$ be a graph. The first Zagreb index of a graph $G$ is defined as $\sum_{u \in V} d^2(u)$, where $d(u)$ is the degree of vertex $u$ in $G$. Using the P\'{o}lya-Szeg\H{o} inequality, we in this paper present the first Zagreb…

组合数学 · 数学 2024-09-05 Rao Li

The atom-bond connectivity (ABC) index is a degree-based topological index. It was introduced due to its applications in modeling the properties of certain molecular structures and has been since extensively studied. In this note, we…

组合数学 · 数学 2016-08-26 Xiu-Mei Zhang , Yu Yang , Hua Wang , Xiao-Dong Zhang

The atom-bond-connectivity (ABC) index is one of the well-investigated degree-based topological indices. The atom-bond sum-connectivity (ABS) index is a modified version of the ABC index, which was introduced recently. The primary goal of…

For a connected graph $G$ on at least three vertices, the augmented Zagreb index (AZI) of $G$ is defined as $$AZI(G)=\sum_{uv\in E(G)}\left(\frac{d(u)d(v)}{d(u)+d(v)-2}\right)^{3},$$ being a topological index well-correlated with the…

组合数学 · 数学 2022-05-31 Muhuo Liu , Shumei Pang , Francesco Belardo , Akbar Ali

Augmented Zagreb Index is a newly defined degree based topological invariant which has been well established for its better correlation properties and is defined as $AZI(G)= \sum_{uv\in E(G)}(\frac{d_G (u)d_G (v)}{d_G (u)+ d_G (v)-2})^3 $,…

组合数学 · 数学 2016-06-02 Nazeran Idrees , Afshan Sadiq , Muhammad Jawwad Saif , Asia Rauf

The first Zagreb index of a graph $G$ is the sum of the square of every vertex degree, while the second Zagreb index is the sum of the product of vertex degrees of each edge over all edges. In our work, we solve an open question about…

组合数学 · 数学 2017-09-07 Shengjin Ji , Shaohui Wang

This paper presents new lower bounds for the first general Zagreb index $Z_{\alpha}(G)$ involving two, three, and four arbitrary degrees of vertices of a simple graph $G$. For the special cases $\alpha = 2$ and $\alpha = -2$, the results…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-08-21 Mamta Verma , Ravinder Kumar

For a simple graph $G$ with $n$ vertices and $m$ edges, the first Zagreb index and the second Zagreb index are defined as $M_1(G)=\sum_{v\in V}d(v)^2 $ and $M_2(G)=\sum_{uv\in E}d(u)d(v)$. In \cite{VGFAD}, it was shown that if a connected…

离散数学 · 计算机科学 2015-03-19 Hosam Abdo , Darko Dimitrov , Ivan Gutman

Many existing degree based topological indices can be classified as bond incident degree (BID) indices, whose general form is $BID(G)=\sum_{uv\in E(G)}$ $\Psi(d_{u},d_{v})$, where $uv$ is the edge connecting the vertices $u,v$ of the graph…

组合数学 · 数学 2018-03-14 Akbar Ali , Darko Dimitrov

For a graph $G$, the first multiplicative Zagreb index $\prod_1(G) $ is the product of squares of vertex degrees, and the second multiplicative Zagreb index $\prod_2(G) $ is the product of products of degrees of pairs of adjacent vertices.…

组合数学 · 数学 2021-08-09 Shengjin Ji , Shaohui Wang , Tilahun Muche , Sakander Hayat

Topological indices are graph invariants numeric quantities, which are utilized by researchers to analyze a variety of physiochemical aspects of molecules. The goal of developing topological indices is to give each chemical structure a…

组合数学 · 数学 2022-12-09 Sohan Lal , Karnika Sharma , Vijay Kumar Bhat

Let $G=(V,E)$ be a finite simple graph. The Graovac-Ghorbani index of a graph G is defined as $ABC_{GG}(G)=\sum_{uv\in E(G)}\sqrt{\frac{n_u(uv,G)+n_v(uv,G)-2}{n_u(uv,G)n_v(uv,G)}},$ where $n_u(uv,G)$ is the number of vertices closer to…

组合数学 · 数学 2022-02-07 Nima Ghanbari

In this paper, the investigates Adriatic indices, specifically the sum lordeg index where it defined as $SL(G) = \sum_{u \in V(G)} \deg_G(u) \sqrt{\ln \deg_G(u)}$ and the variable sum exdeg index $SEI_a(G)$ for $a>0$, $a\neq 1$. We present…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-08-07 Jasem Hamoud , Duaa Abdullah

In theoretical chemistry molecular structure descriptors are used for modeling physico-chemical, pharmacological, toxicologic, biological and other properties of chemical compounds. In this paper we study distance-based graph invariants and…

组合数学 · 数学 2011-03-15 Aleksandar Ili\' c