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Askey and Gasper (1976) proved a trigonometric inequality which improves another trigonometric inequality found by M. S. Robertson (1945). Here these inequalities are reformulated in terms of the Chebyshev polynomial of the first kind $T_n$…

We use Toponogov's triangle comparison theorem from Riemannian geometry along with quantitative scale oriented variants of classical propagation of singularities arguments to obtain logarithmic improvements of the Kakeya-Nikodym norms…

Cilleruelo conjectured that if $f\in\mathbb{Z}[x]$ of degree $d\ge 2$ is irreducible over the rationals, then $\log\operatorname{lcm}(f(1),\ldots,f(N))\sim(d-1)N\log N$ as $N\to\infty$. He proved it for the case $d = 2$. Very recently,…

We estimate the error term in the asymptotic formula of the Sidon constant for (ordinary) Dirichlet polynomials by providing explicit lower and upper bounds. The lower bound is already implicitly known, but we supply the necessary…

In this short note we have proved an enhanced version of a theorem of Lorentz [1] and its generalization to the multivariate case which gives a non- uniform estimate of degree of approximation by a polynomial with positive coefficients. The…

We prove two-sided estimates for the best (i.e., the smallest possible) constant $\,c_n(\alpha)\,$ in the Markov inequality $$ \|p_n'\|_{w_\alpha} \le c_n(\alpha) \|p_n\|_{w_\alpha}\,, \qquad p_n \in {\cal P}_n\,. $$ Here, ${\cal P}_n$…

We consider symmetric hypothesis testing in quantum statistics, where the hypotheses are density operators on a finite-dimensional complex Hilbert space, representing states of a finite quantum system. We prove a lower bound on the…

Let $n_1 < n_2 < \cdots < n_N$ be non-negative integers. In a private communication Brian Conrey asked how fast the number of real zeros of the trigonometric polynomials $T_N(\theta) = \sum_{j=1}^N {\cos (n_j\theta)}$ tends to $\infty$ as a…

Let $w_{\alpha}(t)=t^{\alpha}\,e^{-t}$, $\alpha>-1$, be the Laguerre weight function, and $|\cdot|_{w_\alpha}$ denote the associated $L_2$-norm, i.e., $$ | f|_{w_\alpha}:=\Big(\int_{0}^{\infty}w_{\alpha}(t)| f(t)|^2\,dt\Big)^{1/2}. $$…

Let $w_\alpha(t) := t^{\alpha}\,e^{-t}$, where $\alpha > -1$, be the Laguerre weight function, and let $\|\cdot\|_{w_\alpha}$ be the associated $L_2$-norm, $$ \|f\|_{w_\alpha} = \left\{\int_{0}^{\infty} |f(x)|^2…

Let $K_n$ denote the set of all nonsingular $n\times n$ lower triangular $(0,1)$-matrices. Hong and Loewy (2004) introduced the number sequence $$ c_n=\min\{\lambda\mid\lambda~\text{is an eigenvalue of}~XX^{\rm T},~X\in K_n\},\quad…

We obtain asymptotic lower bounds for the spectral function of the Laplacian and for the remainder in local Weyl's law on manifolds. In the negatively curved case, thermodynamic formalism is applied to improve the estimates. Key ingredients…

For relatively prime positive integers $u_0$ and $r$, we consider the least common multiple $L_n:=\mathrm{lcm}(u_0,u_1,\ldots, u_n)$ of the finite arithmetic progression $\{u_k:=u_0+kr\}_{k=0}^n$. We derive new lower bounds on $L_n$ which…

For a polynomial $P$ mapping the integers into the integers, define an averaging operator $A_{N} f(x):=\frac{1}{N}\sum_{k=1}^N f(x+P(k))$ acting on functions on the integers. We prove sufficient conditions for the $\ell^{p}$-improving…

When solving differential equations by a spectral method, it is often convenient to shift from Chebyshev polynomials $T_{n}(x)$ with coefficients $a_{n}$ to modified basis functions that incorporate the boundary conditions. For homogeneous…

By the von Neumann inequality for homogeneous polynomials there exists a positive constant $C_{k,q}(n)$ such that for every $k$-homogeneous polynomial $p$ in $n$ variables and every $n$-tuple of commuting operators $(T_1, \dots, T_n)$ with…

The Chernoff $\sqrt$ n-Lemma is revised. This concerns two aspects: an improvement of the Chernoff estimate in the strong operator topol-ogy and an operator-norm estimate for quasi-sectorial contractions. Applications to the Lie-Trotter…

We establish the optimal asymptotic lower bound for the stability of fractional Sobolev inequality: \begin{equation}\label{Sob sta ine} \left\|(-\Delta)^{s/2} U \right\|_2^2 - \mathcal S_{s,n} \| U\|_{\frac{2n}{n-2s}}^2\geq C_{n,s} d^{2}(U,…

We prove an asymptotically tight bound (asymptotic with respect to the number of polynomials for fixed degrees and number of variables) on the number of semi-algebraically connected components of the realizations of all realizable sign…

Let $P(n)$ be the number of polyominoes of $n$ cells and $\lambda$ be Klarner's constant, that is, $\lambda=\lim_{n\to\infty} \sqrt[n]{P(n)}$. We show that there exist some positive numbers $A,T$, so that for every $n$ \[ P(n) \ge…