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An \emph{equitable coloring} of a graph is a proper vertex coloring such that the sizes of every two color classes differ by at most 1. Chen, Lih, and Wu conjectured that every connected graph $G$ with maximum degree $\Delta \geq 2$ has an…

组合数学 · 数学 2012-03-05 Keaitsuda Nakprasit , Kittikorn Nakprasit

If $L$ is a list assignment of $r$ colors to each vertex of an $n$-vertex graph $G$, then an equitable $L$-coloring of $G$ is a proper coloring of vertices of $G$ from their lists such that no color is used more than $\lceil n/r\rceil$…

组合数学 · 数学 2023-09-08 H. A. Kierstead , Alexandr Kostochka , Zimu Xiang

An edge-colored graph $G$ is conflict-free connected if any two of its vertices are connected by a path, which contains a color used on exactly one of its edges. The conflict-free connection number of a connected graph $G$, denoted by…

组合数学 · 数学 2020-12-10 Jing Wang , Meng Ji

A total $k$-coloring of a graph is an assignment of $k$ colors to its vertices and edges such that no two adjacent or incident elements receive the same color. The Total Coloring Conjecture (TCC) states that every simple graph $G$ has a…

组合数学 · 数学 2018-12-04 Enqiang Zhu , Chanjuan Liu , Yongsheng Rao

We present fixed parameter tractable algorithms for the conflict-free coloring problem on graphs. Given a graph $G=(V,E)$, \emph{conflict-free coloring} of $G$ refers to coloring a subset of $V$ such that for every vertex $v$, there is a…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2019-05-07 Akanksha Agrawal , Pradeesha Ashok , Meghana M Reddy , Saket Saurabh , Dolly Yadav

In this paper we consider a variation of a recoloring problem, called the Color-Fixing. Let us have some non-proper $r$-coloring $\varphi$ of a graph $G$. We investigate the problem of finding a proper $r$-coloring of $G$, which is "the…

Let $k \ge 1$ be an integer and let $G$ be a nonempty simple graph. An \emph{edge-$k$-coloring} $\varphi$ of $G$ is an assignment of colors from $\{1,\ldots,k\}$ to the edges of $G$ such that no two adjacent edges receive the same color.…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-12-12 Yuping Gao , Songling Shan , Guanghui Wang , Yiming Zhou

A colouring of a graph $G=(V,E)$ is a function $c: V\rightarrow\{1,2,\ldots \}$ such that $c(u)\neq c(v)$ for every $uv\in E$. A $k$-regular list assignment of $G$ is a function $L$ with domain $V$ such that for every $u\in V$, $L(u)$ is a…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2019-02-08 Konrad K. Dabrowski , Francois Dross , Matthew Johnson , Daniel Paulusma

An edge coloring of a graph $G$ is called conflict-free if, for every edge, its closed neighborhood contains a color that appears exactly once. The least number of colors required for such a coloring is the conflict-free chromatic index of…

组合数学 · 数学 2026-04-28 Yuxin Jin , Yuping Gao

A graph G is (a:b)-colorable if there exists an assignment of b-element subsets of {1,...,a} to vertices of G such that sets assigned to adjacent vertices are disjoint. We first show that for every triangle-free planar graph G and a vertex…

组合数学 · 数学 2018-09-17 Zdeněk Dvořák , Xiaolan Hu

A graph is outer-1-planar if it can be drawn in the plane so that all vertices are on the outer face and each edge is crossed at most once. It is known that the list edge chromatic number $\chi'_l(G)$ of any outer-1-planar graph $G$ with…

组合数学 · 数学 2019-02-13 Xin Zhang

We call a proper edge coloring of a graph $G$ a B-coloring if every 4-cycle of $G$ is colored with four different colors. Let $q_B(G)$ denote the smallest number of colors needed for a B-coloring of $G$. Motivated by earlier papers on…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-09-03 András Gyárfás , Ryan R. Martin , Miklós Ruszinkó , Gábor N. Sárközy

An $i$-independent set is a vertex set whose pairwise distance is at least $i+1$. A proper (square) $k$-coloring of a graph $G$ is a partition of its vertex set into $k$ independent ($2$-independent) sets. A packing $(1^{j}, 2^k)$-coloring…

组合数学 · 数学 2026-04-02 Xujun Liu , Zihui Xu , Xin Zhang

A graph $G$ is called degree-truncated $k$-choosable if for every list assignment $L$ with $|L(v)| \ge \min\{d_G(v), k\}$ for each vertex $v$, $G$ is $L$-colourable. Richter asked whether every 3-connected non-complete planar graph is…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-07-15 Huan Zhou , Jialu Zhu , Xuding Zhu

Given a geometric hypergraph (or a range-space) $H=(V,\cal E)$, a coloring of its vertices is said to be conflict-free if for every hyperedge $S \in \cal E$ there is at least one vertex in $S$ whose color is distinct from the colors of all…

组合数学 · 数学 2010-12-14 Panagiotis Cheilaris , Shakhar Smorodinsky , Marek Sulovský

An ordered graph $G$ is a graph whose vertex set is a subset of integers. The edges are interpreted as tuples $(u,v)$ with $u < v$. For a positive integer $s$, a matrix $M \in \mathbb{Z}^{s \times 4}$, and a vector $\mathbf{p} =…

组合数学 · 数学 2016-10-05 Maria Axenovich , Jonathan Rollin , Torsten Ueckerdt

An edge-colored graph $G$ is conflict-free connected if any two of its vertices are connected by a path which contains a color used on exactly one of its edges. The conflict-free connection number of a connected graph $G$, denoted by…

组合数学 · 数学 2018-09-12 Ran Gu , Xueliang Li

In this short paper, we introduce a new vertex coloring whose motivation comes from our series on odd edge-colorings of graphs. A proper vertex coloring $\varphi$ of graph $G$ is said to be odd if for each non-isolated vertex $x\in V(G)$…

组合数学 · 数学 2022-07-01 Mirko Petruševski , Riste Škrekovski

A graph $G$ is equitably $k$-choosable if, for any given $k$-uniform list assignment $L$, $G$ is $L$-colorable and each color appears on at most $\lceil\frac{|V(G)|}{k}\rceil$ vertices. A graph is equitably $k$-colorable if the vertex set…

组合数学 · 数学 2023-06-22 Aijun Dong , Jianliang Wu

An equitable coloring is a proper coloring of a graph such that the sizes of the color classes differ by at most one. A graph $G$ is equitably $k$-colorable if there exists an equitable coloring of $G$ which uses $k$ colors, each one…

组合数学 · 数学 2018-03-21 Hemanshu Kaul , Jeffrey A. Mudrock , Michael J. Pelsmajer