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Topological indices have been used to modeling biological and chemical properties of molecules in quantitive structure property relationship studies and quantitive structure activity studies. All the degree based topological indices have…

综合数学 · 数学 2017-07-27 Süleyman Ediz

For a graph $G$ with edge set $E$, let $d(u)$ denote the degree of a vertex $u$ in $G$. The diminished Sombor (DSO) index of $G$ is defined as $DSO(G)=\sum_{uv\in E}\sqrt{(d(u))^2+(d(v))^2}(d(u)+d(v))^{-1}$. The cyclomatic number of a graph…

Let $G = (V, E)$ be a graph with the vertex set $V (G)$ and edge set $E(G)$. The Sombor index of $G$, $SO(G)$, is defined as $\sum_{uv\in E(G)} \sqrt{deg(u)^2 + deg(v)^2}$, where $deg(u)$ is the degree of vertex $u$ in $V (G)$. The clean…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-06-10 M. Badie , R. Nikandish , M. Pirniia

Let $G$ be a graph with vertex set $V(G)$ and edge set $E(G)$. The Sombor and reduced Sombor indices of $G$ are defined as $SO(G)=\sum_{uv\in E(G)}\sqrt{deg_G(u)^2+deg_G(v)^2}$ and $SO_{red}(G)=\sum_{uv\in…

组合数学 · 数学 2021-04-01 Kinkar Chandra Das , Ali Ghalavand , Ali Reza Ashrafi

The Sombor index is one of the geometry-based descriptors, which was defined as $$SO(G)=\sum_{uv\in E(G)}\sqrt{d^{2}(u)+d^{2}(v)},$$ where $d(u)$ (resp. $d(v)$) denotes the degree of vertex $u$ (resp. $v$) in $G$. In this note, we determine…

组合数学 · 数学 2022-08-25 Hechao Liu

There are various topological indices such as degree based topological indices, distance based topological indices and counting related topological indices etc. These topological indices correlate certain physicochemical properties such as…

组合数学 · 数学 2016-05-09 Shaohui Wang , Jia-Bao Liu , Chunxiang Wang , Sakander Hayat

In this paper, topological indices play a significant role in the analysis of caterpillar trees, especially due to their applications in chemical graph theory. We presented a study on topological indices related to the Sigma index, which we…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-12-16 Jasem Hamoud , Duaa Abdullah

Recently, based on elementary geometry, Gutman proposed several geometry-based invariants (i.e., $SO$, $SO_{1}$, $SO_{2}$, $SO_{3}$, $SO_{4}$, $SO_{5}$, $SO_{6}$). The Sombor index was defined as $SO(G)=\sum\limits_{uv\in…

组合数学 · 数学 2023-07-19 Hechao Liu

The Elliptic Somber and Euler Somber indices are newly defined topological indices based on the Somber index. Our paper presents calculations of the upper and lower bounds of these indices for the join and corona product of arbitrary…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-02-11 Bishal Sonar , Ravi Srivastava

The forgotten topological index or F-index of a graph is defined as the sum of degree cube of all the vertices of the graph. This index was introduced by Gutman and Trinajesti\'{c} more than 40 years ago. In this paper, we derive F-index of…

组合数学 · 数学 2017-09-20 Prosanta Sarkar , Nilanjan De , Anita Pal

The Sombor index $SO(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the sum of the edge weights $\sqrt{d^2_G(u)+d^2_G(v)}$ of all edges $uv$ of $G$, where $d_G(u)$ denotes the degree of the vertex $u$ in $G$. A connected graph $G = (V ,E)$ is called a quasi-tree,…

组合数学 · 数学 2023-07-04 Ruiting Zhang , Huiqing Liu , Yibo Li

In this paper, we presented a study of topological indices on trees, where we show a relationship with irregularity of Albertson index and minimum, maximum degrees $\delta,\Delta$ of graph $G$, where contribute vital roles in determining…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-11-26 Jasem Hamoud , Artem Kornosov

Let $G=(V,E)$ be a simple graph. The concept of Inverse symmetric division deg index $(ISDD)$ was introduced in the chemical graph theory very recently. In spite of this, a few papers have already appeared with this index in the literature.…

组合数学 · 数学 2024-08-13 Kinkar Chandra Das , B. R. Rakshith , Wojciech Macek

Topological indices are graph invariants numeric quantities, which are utilized by researchers to analyze a variety of physiochemical aspects of molecules. The goal of developing topological indices is to give each chemical structure a…

组合数学 · 数学 2022-12-09 Sohan Lal , Karnika Sharma , Vijay Kumar Bhat

The work provides a brief intuitive overview theory of graph on surfaces. We considers graphs with an additional structure, wich we call discs with ribbons, also known as one-vertex ribbon graphs. And solves the problem (Skopenkov's) about…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-07-03 Tim Berezin

The concepts of domination and topological index hold great significance within the realm of graph theory. Therefore, it is pertinent to merge these concepts to derive the domination index of a graph. A novel concept of the domination index…

组合数学 · 数学 2023-07-21 Kavya. R. Nair , M. S. Sunitha

In this paper, we have studied bounds based on topological indicators, from which we selected Albertson index $\mathrm{irr}$ and the Sigma index $\sigma$. The Sigma index was defined through the following relationship: \[…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-06-16 Jasem Hamoud , Alexei Belov-Kanel , Duaa Abdullah

The study of graphs associated with of various algebraic structures is an emerging topic in algebraic graph theory. Recently, the concept of nonzero component graph of a finite dimensional vector space $\Gamma(\mathbb{V})$ was put forward…

组合数学 · 数学 2026-04-09 Sunilkumar M. Hosamani

Recently, the Euler Sombor index $(EUS)$ was introduced as a novel degree-based topological index. For a graph $G$, the Euler Sombor index is defined as $$EUS(G) = \sum_{v_i v_j \in E(G)} \sqrt{d_i^2 + d_j^2 + d_i d_j},$$ where $d_i$ and…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-07-24 Kinkar Chandra Das , Jayanta Bera

Topological indices are scientific details of graphs which represents its topology and of the most part graph invariant. In QSAR/QSPR, physico-chemical characteristics and topological indices, for example, atom bond connectivity (ABC) and…

组合数学 · 数学 2019-10-24 Haidar Ali , Farzana Kousar