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A graph is $k$-planar if it can be drawn in the plane so that each edge is crossed at most $k$ times. Typically, the class of 1-planar graphs is among the most investigated graph families within the so-called "beyond planar graphs". A…

组合数学 · 数学 2021-01-29 Xin Zhang , Yan Li

We show that the strong odd chromatic number on any proper minor-closed graph class is bounded by a constant. We almost determine the smallest such constant for outerplanar graphs.

Call a colouring of a graph distinguishing if the only automorphism which preserves it is the identity. We investigate the role of the Axiom of Choice in the existence of certain proper or distinguishing colourings in both vertex and edge…

组合数学 · 数学 2023-05-05 Marcin Stawiski

An adjacent vertex distinguishing edge-coloring or an \avd-coloring of a simple graph $G$ is a proper edge-coloring of $G$ such that no pair of adjacent vertices meets the same set of colors. We prove that every graph with maximum degree…

组合数学 · 数学 2007-05-23 Hamed Hatami

We consider infinite graphs. The distinguishing number $D(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the minimum number of colours in a vertex colouring of $G$ that is preserved only by the trivial automorphism. An analogous invariant for edge colourings is…

We prove analogs of Brooks' Theorem for the list-distinguishing chromatic number of different classes of simple finite connected graphs. Moreover, we determine two upper bounds for the list-distinguishing chromatic number of a graph G in…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-07-23 Amitayu Banerjee , Zalán Molnár , Alexa Gopaulsingh

An odd coloring of a graph $G$ is a proper vertex coloring $\varphi$ with the property that for each non-isolated vertex $v\in V(G)$, there exists a color $c$ such that the cardinality of $\varphi^{-1}(c)\cap N(v)$ is odd. The concept of…

组合数学 · 数学 2024-03-19 S. Kitano

We consider two graph colouring problems in which edges at distance at most $t$ are given distinct colours, for some fixed positive integer $t$. We obtain two upper bounds for the distance-$t$ chromatic index, the least number of colours…

组合数学 · 数学 2015-10-29 Tomáš Kaiser , Ross J. Kang

Consider the following two ways to colour the vertices of a graph where the requirement that adjacent vertices get distinct colours is relaxed. A colouring has "defect" $d$ if each monochromatic component has maximum degree at most $d$. A…

组合数学 · 数学 2018-03-22 David R. Wood

In this paper, we introduce the notion of 2-boundary planar graphs. A graph is 2-boundary planar if it has an embedding in the plane so that all vertices lie on the boundary of at most two faces and no edges are crossed. A proper coloring…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-04-07 Weichan Liu , Mengke Qi , Xin Zhang

A graph coloring has bounded clustering if each monochromatic component has bounded size. Equivalently, it is a partition of the vertices into induced subgraphs with bounded size components. This paper studies clustered colorings of graphs,…

组合数学 · 数学 2021-12-07 Chun-Hung Liu , David R. Wood

A vertex colouring of a graph is \emph{nonrepetitive} if there is no path for which the first half of the path is assigned the same sequence of colours as the second half. The \emph{nonrepetitive chromatic number} of a graph $G$ is the…

组合数学 · 数学 2021-12-23 Vida Dujmović , Fabrizio Frati , Gwenaël Joret , David R. Wood

A b-coloring of a graph is a proper coloring of its vertices such that each color class contains a vertex adjacent to at least one vertex of every other color class. The b-chromatic number of a graph is the largest integer k such that the…

组合数学 · 数学 2019-04-04 Renata Del-Vecchio , Mekkia Kouider

A locally irregular multigraph is a multigraph whose adjacent vertices have distinct degrees. The locally irregular edge coloring is an edge coloring of a multigraph $G$ such that every color induces a locally irregular submultigraph of…

组合数学 · 数学 2022-08-19 Igor Grzelec , Mariusz Woźniak

It is shown that for any fixed $c \geq 3$ and $r$, the maximum possible chromatic number of a graph on $n$ vertices in which every subgraph of radius at most $r$ is $c$ colorable is $\tilde{\Theta}\left(n ^ {\frac{1}{r+1}} \right)$ (that…

组合数学 · 数学 2018-02-01 Noga Alon , Omri Ben-Eliezer

In this paper, we consider a weighted generalization of the chromatic number of a Binomial random graph~\(G.\) We equip each edge with a random weight and then colour the vertices in such a way that the absolute colour difference between…

组合数学 · 数学 2023-11-21 Ghurumuruhan Ganesan

Given a graph $G$, a vertex-colouring $\sigma$ of $G$, and a subset $X\subseteq V(G)$, a colour $x \in \sigma(X)$ is said to be \emph{odd} for $X$ in $\sigma$ if it has an odd number of occurrences in $X$. We say that $\sigma$ is an…

组合数学 · 数学 2023-06-05 Tianjiao Dai , Qiancheng Ouyang , François Pirot

A proper coloring of a graph $G$ is said to be a strong odd coloring of $G$, if for every vertex $v$ and every color $c$, either $c$ appears on an odd number of vertices in the neighborhood of $v$ or $c$ is absent in the neighborhood of…

组合数学 · 数学 2026-02-04 Arun J Manattu , Athira Vinay , Aparna Lakshmanan S

Let $c$ be a proper $k$-coloring of a connected graph $G$ and $\Pi=(C_1,C_2,...,C_k)$ be an ordered partition of $V(G)$ into the resulting color classes. For a vertex $v$ of $G$, the color code of $v$ with respect to $\Pi$ is defined to be…

组合数学 · 数学 2011-07-19 Ali Behtoei , Behnaz Omoomi

In this paper, we study unique colourings in random graphs as a generalization of both conflict-free and injective colourings. Specifically, we impose the condition that a fraction of vertices in the neighbourhood of any vertex are assigned…

组合数学 · 数学 2023-11-21 Ghurumuruhan Ganesan