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Text entry is a common activity in virtual reality (VR) systems. There is a limited number of available hands-free techniques, which allow users to carry out text entry when users' hands are busy such as holding items or hand-based devices…
We study the performance and user experience of two popular mainstream text entry devices, desktop keyboards and touchscreen keyboards, for use in Virtual Reality (VR) applications. We discuss the limitations arising from limited visual…
Text selection is an essential activity in interactive systems, including virtual reality (VR) head-mounted displays (HMDs). It is useful for: sharing information across apps or platforms, highlighting and making notes while reading…
Alphanumeric text entry is a challenge for Virtual Reality (VR) applications. VR enables new capabilities, impossible in the real world, such as an unobstructed view of the keyboard, without occlusion by the user's physical hands. Several…
Despite the advent of touchscreens, typing on physical keyboards remains most efficient for entering text, because users can leverage all fingers across a full-size keyboard for convenient typing. As users increasingly type on the go, text…
Hand-based interaction, such as using a handheld controller or making hand gestures, has been widely adopted as the primary method for interacting with both virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) head-mounted displays (HMDs). In…
Research on text entry in Virtual Reality (VR) has gained popularity but the efficient entry of accented characters, characters with diacritical marks, in VR remains underexplored. Entering accented characters is supported on most…
This study evaluated the effect of virtual hand representation on the typing performance, upper extremity angle, neck muscle activity, and usability during virtual reality (VR) typing. A total of 15 participants (7 females and 8 males)…
Efficient text entry remains a primary bottleneck preventing Virtual Reality (VR) from evolving into a viable productivity platform. To address this, we conducted an empirical comparison of six physical input systems across three…
Frustrating text entry interface has been a major obstacle in participating in social activities in augmented reality (AR). Popular options, such as mid-air keyboard interface, wireless keyboards or voice input, either suffer from poor…
We present HeadText, a hands-free technique on a smart earpiece for text entry by motion sensing. Users input text utilizing only 7 head gestures for key selection, word selection, word commitment and word cancelling tasks. Head gesture…
Locomotion plays a crucial role in shaping the user experience within virtual reality environments. In particular, hands-free locomotion offers a valuable alternative by supporting accessibility and freeing users from reliance on handheld…
Over the past decade, the demand for communication devices has increased among individuals with mobility and speech impairments. Eye-gaze tracking has emerged as a promising solution for hands-free communication; however, traditional…
As virtual reality (VR) continues to evolve, traditional input methods such as handheld controllers and gesture systems often face challenges with precision, social accessibility, and user fatigue. These limitations motivate the exploration…
Text input in extended reality (XR) applications remains inefficient and tedious. Most solutions are derived from the traditional keyboard layout, yet fail to translate its positive characteristics to the spatial digital realm. This limits…
Given the ubiquity of SmartTVs and head-mounted-display-based virtual environments, recent research has explored techniques to support eyes-free text entry using touchscreen devices. However, proposed techniques, leveraging lexicons, limit…
Gaze-based virtual keyboards provide an effective interface for text entry by eye movements. The efficiency and usability of these keyboards have traditionally been evaluated with conventional text entry performance measures such as words…
The paper introduces Hands-Free VR, a voice-based natural-language interface for VR. The user gives a command using their voice, the speech audio data is converted to text using a speech-to-text deep learning model that is fine-tuned for…
In augmented and virtual reality (AR/VR) experiences, a user's arms and hands can provide a convenient and tactile surface for touch input. Prior work has shown on-body input to have significant speed, accuracy, and ergonomic benefits over…
Static and dynamic hand movements are basic way for human-machine interactions. To recognize and classify these movements, first these movements are captured by the cameras mounted on the augmented reality (AR) or virtual reality (VR)…