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The star chromatic number on a graph is the minimum number of colors in a proper vertex coloring forbidding any $P_4$ with two colors (bicolored). This problem was introduced by Gr\"unbaum (1973) together with the acyclic coloring of…

组合数学 · 数学 2026-03-24 Derman Keskinkilic , Lale Ozkahya

A famous conjecture of Caccetta and H\"{a}ggkvist (CHC) states that a directed graph $D$ with $n$ vertices and minimum outdegree at least $r$ has a directed cycle of length at most $\lceil \frac{n}{r}\rceil$. In 2017, Aharoni proposed the…

组合数学 · 数学 2023-11-22 Xiaozheng Chen , Shanshan Guo , Fei Huang

A graph is locally irregular if no two adjacent vertices have the same degree. The irregular chromatic index $\chi_{\rm irr}'(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the smallest number of locally irregular subgraphs needed to edge-decompose $G$. Not all…

组合数学 · 数学 2016-04-04 Julien Bensmail , Martin Merker , Carsten Thomassen

Let $c:E(G)\to [k]$ be an edge-coloring of a graph $G$, not necessarily proper. For each vertex $v$, let $\bar{c}(v)=(a_1,\ldots,a_k)$, where $a_i$ is the number of edges incident to $v$ with color $i$. Reorder $\bar{c}(v)$ for every $v$ in…

We present results on partitioning the vertices of $2$-edge-colored graphs into monochromatic paths and cycles. We prove asymptotically the two-color case of a conjecture of S\'ark\"ozy: the vertex set of every $2$-edge-colored graph can be…

组合数学 · 数学 2015-09-21 Jozsef Balogh , Janos Barat , Daniel Gerbner , Andras Gyarfas , GAbor N. Sarkozy

Given positive integers $n\ge 2k$, the {\it Kneser graph} $KG_{n,k}$ is a graph whose vertex set is the collection of all $k$-element subsets of the set $\{1,\ldots, n\}$, with edges connecting pairs of disjoint sets. One of the classical…

组合数学 · 数学 2021-07-20 Sergei Kiselev , Andrey Kupavskii

An edge coloring $c$ of a graph $G$ is a royal $k$-edge coloring of $G$ if the edges of $G$ are assigned nonempty subsets of the set $\{1, 2, \ldots, k\}$ in such a way that the vertex coloring obtained by assigning the union of the colors…

组合数学 · 数学 2021-08-16 Akbar Ali , Gary Chartrand , James Hallas , Ping Zhang

A majority edge-coloring of a graph without pendant edges is a coloring of its edges such that, for every vertex $v$ and every color $\alpha$, there are at most as many edges incident to $v$ colored with $\alpha$ as with all other colors.…

组合数学 · 数学 2023-12-05 Rafał Kalinowski , Monika Pilśniak , Marcin Stawiski

For a graph $G = (V(G), E(G))$, a dominating set $D$ is a vertex subset of $V(G)$ in which every vertex of $V(G) \setminus D$ is adjacent to a vertex in $D$. The domination number of $G$ is the minimum cardinality of a dominating set of $G$…

组合数学 · 数学 2022-08-16 David A. Kalarkop , Pawaton Kaemawichanurat , Raghavachar Rangarajan

In this paper, we introduce the notion of $t$-tone edge coloring. A $t$-tone edge $k$-coloring of a graph $G$ assigns to each edge of $G$ a set of $t$ distinct colors from $\{1,\dots,k\}$ such that any two edges at distance $d$ share fewer…

组合数学 · 数学 2026-05-26 Hadeel Al Bazzal

A coloring of edges of a graph $G$ is injective if for any two distinct edges $e_1$ and $e_2$, the colors of $e_1$ and $e_2$ are distinct if they are at distance $1$ in $G$ or in a common triangle. Naturally, the injective chromatic index…

组合数学 · 数学 2021-04-26 Alexandr Kostochka , André Raspaud , Jingwei Xu

We study the degenerate, the star and the degenerate star chromatic numbers and their relation to the genus of graphs. As a tool we prove the following strengthening of a result of Fertin et al.: If $G$ is a graph of maximum degree…

组合数学 · 数学 2008-06-10 Bojan Mohar , Simon Spacapan

Given an edge-coloring of a simple graph, assign to every vertex $v$ a set $S_v$ comprised of the colors used on the edges incident to $v$. The $k$-intersection chromatic index of a graph is the minimum $t$ such that the edge set can be…

组合数学 · 数学 2015-06-11 M. Santana

An $r$-regular graph is an $r$-graph, if every odd set of vertices is connected to its complement by at least $r$ edges. Let $G$ and $H$ be $r$-graphs. An $H$-coloring of $G$ is a mapping $f\colon E(G) \to E(H)$ such that each $r$ adjacent…

组合数学 · 数学 2023-05-16 Yulai Ma , Davide Mattiolo , Eckhard Steffen , Isaak H. Wolf

The packing chromatic number $\chi_{\rho}(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the smallest integer $p$ such that vertices of $G$ can be partitioned into disjoint classes $X_{1}, ..., X_{p}$ where vertices in $X_{i}$ have pairwise distance greater than…

组合数学 · 数学 2013-02-05 Jan Ekstein , Přemysl Holub , Olivier Togni

For a graph $G$, a vertex coloring $f$ is called nonrepetitive if for all $k\in\mathbb N$ and all $P_{2k}=\langle v_1, \cdots, v_k,v_{k+1}, \cdots, v_{2k}\rangle$ (path of $2k$ vertices) in $G$, there must be some $1\le i\le k$ such that…

组合数学 · 数学 2024-08-20 Tianyi Tao

A 2-distance k-coloring of a graph G is a mapping from V (G) to the set of colors {1,. .. , k} such that every two vertices at distance at most 2 receive distinct colors. The 2-distance chromatic number $\chi$ 2 (G) of G is then the mallest…

离散数学 · 计算机科学 2016-03-01 Brahim Benmedjdoub , Eric Sopena , Isma Bouchemakh

\textit{A star edge coloring} of a graph is a proper edge coloring without bichromatic paths and cycles of length four. In this paper we establish tight upper bounds for trees and subcubic outerplanar graphs, and derive an upper bound for…

An induced matching in a graph $G$ is a matching such that its end vertices also induce a matching. A $(1^{\ell}, 2^k)$-packing edge-coloring of a graph $G$ is a partition of its edge set into disjoint unions of $\ell$ matchings and $k$…

组合数学 · 数学 2024-02-29 Xujun Liu , Gexin Yu

We study the class of simple graphs $\mathcal{G}^*$ for which every pair of distinct odd cycles intersect in at most one edge. We give a structural characterization of the graphs in $\mathcal{G}^*$ and prove that every $G \in \mathcal{G}^*$…

组合数学 · 数学 2017-11-21 Jessica McDonald , Gregory J. Puleo