相关论文: Polynomial growth and subgroups of $\mathrm{Out}(F…

An element $\phi$ of the outer automorphism group $\Out(\f)$ of the rank $n$ free group $F_n$ is {\it polynomially growing} if the word lengths of conjugacy classes in $\f$ grow at most polynomially under iteration by $\phi$. It is {\it…

The main result of this paper is an algorithmic answer to the question raised in the title, up to replacing the given $\hat{\phi} \in Out(F_n)$ by a positive power. In order to provide this algorithm, it is shown that every polynomially…

This paper, which is the second of a series of three papers, studies dynamical properties of elements of $\mathrm{Out}(F_{\tt n})$, the outer automorphism group of a nonabelian free group $F_{\tt n}$. We prove that, for every exponentially…

The Tits alternative for Out(F_n) is reduced to the case where all elements in the subgroup under consideration grow polynomially.

We present a solution to the Conjugacy Problem in the group of outer-automorphisms of $F_3$, a free group of rank 3. We distinguish according to several computable invariants, such as irreducibility, subgroups of polynomial growth, and…

We prove that the conjugacy problem in Out(Fm) is solvable for the class of outer automorphisms whose restrictions to their polynomial subgroups are of finite order. To do this, we first investigate the structure of suspensions of free…

This is the second in a series of four papers (with research announcement posted on this arXiv) that together develop a decomposition theory for subgroups of Out(F_n). In this paper we relativize the "Kolchin-type theorem" from the work of…

We show that if a f.g. group $G$ has a non-elementary WPD action on a hyperbolic metric space $X$, then the number of $G$-conjugacy classes of $X$-loxodromic elements of $G$ coming from a ball of radius $R$ in the Cayley graph of $G$ grows…

We present a normal form for outer automorphisms $\phi$ of a non-abelian free group $F_N$ which grow quadratically (measured through the maximal growth of conjugacy classes in $F_N$ under iteration of $\phi$). In analogy to the known normal…

Let $N \geq 2$ and let $\mathrm{Out}(F_N)$ be the outer automorphism group of a nonabelian free group of rank $N$. Let $\mathrm{IA}_N(\mathbb{Z}/3\mathbb{Z})$ be the finite index subgroup of $\mathrm{Out}(F_N)$ which is the kernel of the…

This is the fourth and last in a series of four papers (with research announcement posted on this arXiv) that develop a decomposition theory for subgroups of $\text{Out}(F_n)$. In this paper we develop general ping-pong techniques for the…

We show that for any subgroup $H$ of Out($F_N$), either $H$ contains an atoroidal element or a finite index subgroup $H'$ of $H$ fixes a nontrivial conjugacy class in $F_N$. This result is an analog of Ivanov's subgroup theorem for mapping…

We prove that if F is a finitely generated free group and f:F -> F is an automorphism with polynomial growth of degree d, then there exists a characteristic subgroup S < F of finite index such that the induced automorphism of the…

Let $G$ be a finitely generated group with an automorphism $\varphi\in{\rm Aut}(G)$, or an outer automorphism $\phi\in{\rm Out}(G)$. Suppose that $G$ decomposes into simpler pieces on which the growth behaviour of $\varphi$ and $\phi$ is…

Given an automorphism of a free group $F_n$, we consider the following invariants: $e$ is the number of exponential strata (an upper bound for the number of different exponential growth rates of conjugacy classes); $d$ is the maximal degree…

Let $\phi \in \mbox{Out}(F_n)$ be a free group outer automorphism that can be represented by an expanding, irreducible train-track map. The automorphism $\phi$ determines a free-by-cyclic group $\Gamma=F_n \rtimes_\phi \mathbb Z,$ and a…

For any subgroup H of Out(F_n), either H has a finite index subgroup that fixes the conjugacy class of some proper, nontrivial free factor of F_n, or H contains a fully irreducible element phi, meaning that no positive power of phi fixes…

We give a reduction of the conjugacy problem among outer automorphisms of free (and torsion-free hyperbolic) groups to specific algorithmic problems pertaining to mapping tori of polynomially growing automorphisms. We explain how to use…

Bestvina, Feighn and Handel proved that every subgroup of the outer automorphism group, $\textrm{Out}(F_n)$, of the free group of rank $n$ is either virtually finitely generated abelian or contains a nonabelian free group. In this note we…

A fully irreducible outer automorphism phi of the free group F_n of rank n has an expansion factor which often differs from the expansion factor of the inverse of phi. Nevertheless, we prove that the ratio between the logarithms of the…