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We introduce and study a new complexity function in combinatorics on words, which takes into account the smallest second occurrence time of a factor of an infinite word. We characterize the eventually periodic words and the Sturmian words…

数论 · 数学 2017-08-24 Yann Bugeaud , Dong Han Kim

We introduce the notion of $\alpha$-numbers and formal intercept of sturmian words, and derive from this study general factorisations formula for sturmian words. Sturmian words are defined as infinite words with lowest unbound complexity,…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-04-21 Caius Wojcik

Recently the second two authors characterized quasiperiodic Sturmian words, proving that a Sturmian word is non-quasiperiodic if and only if it is an infinite Lyndon word. Here we extend this study to episturmian words (a natural…

组合数学 · 数学 2010-03-16 Amy Glen , Florence Levé , Gwénaël Richomme

This paper concerns a specific class of strict standard episturmian words whose directive words resemble those of characteristic Sturmian words. In particular, we explicitly determine all integer powers occurring in such infinite words,…

组合数学 · 数学 2010-03-16 Amy Glen

Sturmian words form a family of one-sided infinite words over a binary alphabet that are obtained as a discretization of a line with an irrational slope starting from the origin. A finite version of this class of words called Christoffel…

形式语言与自动机理论 · 计算机科学 2025-07-22 Abhishek Krishnamoorthy , Robinson Thamburaj , Durairaj Gnanaraj Thomas

Let $w$ be an infinite word on an alphabet $A$. We denote by $(n_i)_{i \geq 1}$ the increasing sequence (assumed to be infinite) of all lengths of palindrome prefixes of $w$. In this text, we give an explicit construction of all words $w$…

组合数学 · 数学 2012-02-13 Stéphane Fischler

Episturmian morphisms constitute a powerful tool to study episturmian words. Indeed, any episturmian word can be infinitely decomposed over the set of pure episturmian morphisms. Thus, an episturmian word can be defined by one of its…

离散数学 · 计算机科学 2010-03-16 Amy Glen , Florence Levé , Gwénaël Richomme

Sturmian sequences are well-known as the ones having minimal complexity over a 2-letter alphabet. They are also the balanced sequences over a 2-letter alphabet and the sequences describing discrete lines. They are famous and have been…

组合数学 · 数学 2009-04-24 Genevieve Paquin

We present a new, dynamical way to study powers (that is, repetitions) in Sturmian words based on results from Diophantine approximation theory. As a result, we provide an alternative and shorter proof of a result by Damanik and Lenz…

离散数学 · 计算机科学 2015-07-17 Jarkko Peltomäki

In this paper, we survey the rich theory of infinite episturmian words which generalize to any finite alphabet, in a rather resembling way, the well-known family of Sturmian words on two letters. After recalling definitions and basic…

组合数学 · 数学 2010-03-16 Amy Glen , Jacques Justin

We extend the classical Ostrowski numeration systems, closely related to Sturmian words, by allowing a wider range of coefficients, so that possible representations of a number $n$ better reflect the structure of the associated Sturmian…

形式语言与自动机理论 · 计算机科学 2018-07-13 Anna Frid

We give a combinatorial definition of the second parameter describing Sturmian words, that we call formal intercept, as an infinite Ostrowski expansion. We recall the well-known properties of Sturmian words, study factors graphs and…

组合数学 · 数学 2018-03-07 Caius Wojcik

We show that the first-order theory of Sturmian words over Presburger arithmetic is decidable. Using a general adder recognizing addition in Ostrowski numeration systems by Baranwal, Schaeffer and Shallit, we prove that the first-order…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2024-08-14 Philipp Hieronymi , Dun Ma , Reed Oei , Luke Schaeffer , Christian Schulz , Jeffrey Shallit

An infinite permutation is a linear ordering of the set of natural numbers. An infinite permutation can be defined by a sequence of real numbers where only the order of elements is taken into account. In the paper we investigate a new class…

组合数学 · 数学 2016-12-15 Sergey V. Avgustinovich , Anna E. Frid , Svetlana Puzynina

In this book chapter, written in French, we consider the classical family of Sturmian words, defined as the aperiodic infinite words containing only $n+1$ factors of a length $n$, which is the minimal possible value. We will discuss several…

组合数学 · 数学 2019-05-14 Anna Frid

In this paper, we characterize by lexicographic order all finite Sturmian and episturmian words, i.e., all (finite) factors of such infinite words. Consequently, we obtain a characterization of infinite episturmian words in a "wide sense"…

组合数学 · 数学 2010-03-16 Amy Glen , Jacques Justin , Giuseppe Pirillo

We study the asymptotics and fine-scale behavior of quantitative combinatorial measures of infinite words and related dynamical and algebraic structures. We construct infinite recurrent words $w$ whose complexity functions $p_w(n)$ are…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-08-26 Be'eri Greenfeld , Carlos Gustavo Moreira , Efim Zelmanov

A finite Sturmian word w over the alphabet {a,b} is left special (resp. right special) if aw and bw (resp. wa and wb) are both Sturmian words. A bispecial Sturmian word is a Sturmian word that is both left and right special. We show as a…

形式语言与自动机理论 · 计算机科学 2015-03-20 Gabriele Fici

We introduce and study natural derivatives for Christoffel and finite standard words, as well as for characteristic Sturmian words. These derivatives, which are realized as inverse images under suitable morphisms, preserve the…

离散数学 · 计算机科学 2016-02-11 Alma D'Aniello , Aldo de Luca , Alessandro De Luca

We study the Diophantine properties of a new class of transcendental real numbers which contains, among others, Roy's extremal numbers, Bugeaud-Laurent Sturmian continued fractions, and more generally the class of Sturmian type numbers. We…

数论 · 数学 2022-04-20 Anthony Poëls
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