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We settle a problem of Havel by showing that there exists an absolute constant d such that if G is a planar graph in which every two distinct triangles are at distance at least d, then G is 3-colorable. In fact, we prove a more general…

组合数学 · 数学 2020-04-16 Zdenek Dvorak , Daniel Kral , Robin Thomas

A proper coloring $\phi$ of $G$ is called a proper conflict-free coloring of $G$ if for every non-isolated vertex $v$ of $G$, there is a color $c$ such that $|\phi^{-1}(c)\cap N_G(v)|=1$. As an analogy to degree-choosability of graphs, the…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-09-09 Masaki Kashima , Riste Škrekovski , Rongxing Xu

We give an explicit procedure for $5$-list-coloring a large class of toroidal $6$-regular triangulations in linear time. We also show that these graphs are not $3$-choosable.

组合数学 · 数学 2026-02-10 Niranjan Balachandran , Brahadeesh Sankarnarayanan

A cover of a graph $G$ is a graph $H$ with vertex set $V(H) = \bigcup_{v \in V(G)} L_{v}$, where $L_{v} = \{v\} \times [s]$, and the edge set $M = \bigcup_{uv \in E(G)} M_{uv}$, where $M_{uv}$ is a matching between $L_{u}$ and $L_{v}$. A…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-02-26 Huihui Fang , Danjun Huang , Tao Wang , Weifan Wang

It is proven that a connected graph is planar if and only if all its cocycles with at least four edges are "grounded" in the graph. The notion of grounding of this planarity criterion, which is purely combinatorial, stems from the intuitive…

组合数学 · 数学 2014-10-22 K. Dosen , Z. Petric

For a number $l\geq 2$, let ${\cal{G}}_l$ denote the family of graphs which have girth $2l+1$ and have no odd hole with length greater than $2l+1$. Wu, Xu and Xu conjectured that every graph in $\bigcup_{l\geq 2} {\cal{G}}_{l}$ is…

组合数学 · 数学 2023-07-06 Yan Wang , Rong Wu

Let $G$ be a plane graph with outer cycle $C$ and let $(L(v):v\in V(G))$ be a family of sets such that $|L(v)|\ge 5$ for every $v\in V(G)$. By an $L$-coloring of a subgraph $J$ of $G$ we mean a (proper) coloring $\phi$ of $J$ such that…

组合数学 · 数学 2017-03-28 Luke Postle , Robin Thomas

The optimality of the Erd\H{o}s-Rado theorem for pairs is witnessed by the colouring $\Delta_\kappa : [2^\kappa]^2 \rightarrow \kappa$ recording the least point of disagreement between two functions. This colouring has no monochromatic…

逻辑 · 数学 2020-03-09 Chris Lambie-Hanson , Dániel T. Soukup

An {\em odd subgraph} of a graph is a subgraph in which every vertex has odd degree. A graph $G$ is said to be {\em odd $k$-edge-colorable} if there exists an edge-coloring $E(G) \rightarrow \{1,2, \ldots, k\}$ such that each non-empty…

组合数学 · 数学 2026-04-20 Mikio Kano , Shun-ichi Maezawa , Kenta Ozeki

In this paper, we prove that planar graphs without cycles of length 4, 6, 9 are 3-colorable.

组合数学 · 数学 2017-02-27 Yingli Kang , Ligang Jin , Yingqian Wang

Consider two conditions on a graph: (1) each 5-cycle is not a subgraph of 5-wheel and does not share exactly one edge with 3-cycle, and (2) each 5-cycle is not adjacent to two 3-cycles and is not adjacent to a 4-cycle with chord. We show…

组合数学 · 数学 2017-06-19 Pongpat Sittitrai , Kittikorn Nakprasit

Weak diameter coloring of graphs recently attracted attention partially due to its connection to asymptotic dimension of metric spaces. We consider weak diameter list-coloring of graphs in this paper. Dvo\v{r}\'{a}k and Norin proved that…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-05-01 Joshua Crouch , Chun-Hung Liu

The chromatic number of an planar graph is not greater than four and this is known by the famous four color theorem and is equal to two when the planar graph is bipartite. When the planar graph is even-triangulated or all cycles are greater…

组合数学 · 数学 2009-01-20 I. Cahit

A proper edge coloring of a graph $G$ with colors $1,2,\dots,t$ is called a \emph{cyclic interval $t$-coloring} if for each vertex $v$ of $G$ the edges incident to $v$ are colored by consecutive colors, under the condition that color $1$ is…

组合数学 · 数学 2017-03-30 Armen S. Asratian , Carl Johan Casselgren , Petros A. Petrosyan

A graph is \emph{$(\mathcal{I}, \mathcal{F})$-partitionable} if its vertex set can be partitioned into two parts such that one part $\mathcal{I}$ is an independent set, and the other $\mathcal{F}$ induces a forest. A graph is…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-02-27 Zhengjiao Liu , Tao Wang , Xiaojing Yang

We prove that every cyclically 4-edge-connected cubic graph that can be embedded in the torus, with the exceptional graph class called "Petersen-like", is 3-edge-colorable. This means every (non-trivial) toroidal snark can be obtained from…

We demonstrate that for every positive integer $\Delta$, every K\_4-minor-free graph with maximum degree $\Delta$ admits an equitable coloring with k colors wherek $\ge$ ($\Delta$+3)/2. This bound is tight and confirms a conjecture by Zhang…

组合数学 · 数学 2017-03-08 Rémi De Joannis de Verclos , Jean-Sébastien Sereni

For an edge-colored complete graph, we define the color degree of a node as the number of colors appearing on edges incident to it. In this paper, we consider colorings that don't contain tricolored triangles (also called rainbow…

组合数学 · 数学 2023-05-01 Anton Trygub

Xu and Wu proved that if every $5$-cycle of a planar graph $G$ is not simultaneously adjacent to $3$-cycles and $4$-cycles, then $G$ is $4$-choosable. In this paper, we improve this result as follows. Let $\{i, j, k, l\} = \{3,4,5,6\}.$ For…

组合数学 · 数学 2017-09-15 Pongpat Sittitrai , Kittikorn Nakprasit

In the past various distance based colorings on planar graphs were introduced. We turn our focus to three of them, namely $2$-distance coloring, injective coloring, and exact square coloring. A $2$-distance coloring is a proper coloring of…

组合数学 · 数学 2023-03-20 Hoang La , Kenny Štorgel