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Let $G$ be a graph with edge set $E(G)$. Denote by $d_w$ the degree of a vertex $w$ of $G$. The sigma index of $G$ is defined as $\sum_{uv\in E(G)}(d_u-d_v)^2$. A connected graph of order $n$ and size $n+k-1$ is known as a connected…

The study of graphs associated with of various algebraic structures is an emerging topic in algebraic graph theory. Recently, the concept of nonzero component graph of a finite dimensional vector space $\Gamma(\mathbb{V})$ was put forward…

组合数学 · 数学 2026-04-09 Sunilkumar M. Hosamani

With the advent of the big data, graph are processed in an iterative manner, which incrementally described in the form of graph in big data applications. Most currently, graph processing methods treat the underlying map data as black boxes.…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2018-06-05 Beibei Si

The sigma index in graph theory refers to a measure of the degree differences between vertices in a graph. The goal is to determine the graphs that have the maximum sigma index within certain classes of graphs. Abdo, Dimitrov, and Gutman…

综合数学 · 数学 2024-05-10 Jasem Hamoud , Artem Kurnosov

The sets of vertices and edges of an undirected, simple, finite, connected graph $G$ are denoted by $V(G)$ and $E(G)$, respectively. An arbitrary nonempty finite subset of consecutive integers is called an interval. An injective mapping…

离散数学 · 计算机科学 2014-10-30 Narine N. Davtyan , Arpine M. Khachatryan , Rafayel R. Kamalian

The numerical values extracted from a graph that indicates its topology are called topological indices. A contemporary and efficient method is to compute a graph's topological indices using the graph polynomial that corresponds to it. This…

离散数学 · 计算机科学 2026-02-18 Jayjit Barman , Shibsankar Das

The first and the second Zagreb eccentricity index of a graph $G$ are defined as $E_1(G)=\sum_{v\in V(G)}\varepsilon_{G}(v)^{2}$ and $E_2(G)=\sum_{uv\in E(G)}\varepsilon_{G}(u)\varepsilon_{G}(v)$, respectively, where $\varepsilon_G(v)$ is…

组合数学 · 数学 2019-12-16 Kexiang Xu , Kinkar Chandra Das , Sandi Klavžar , Huimin Li

Topological indices play a significant role in mathematical chemistry. Given a graph $\mathcal{G}$ with vertex set $\mathcal{V}=\{1,2,\dots,n\}$ and edge set $\mathcal{E}$, let $d_i$ be the degree of node $i$. The degree-based topological…

组合数学 · 数学 2023-10-09 Mingao Yuan

In theoretical chemistry molecular structure descriptors are used for modeling physico-chemical, pharmacological, toxicologic, biological and other properties of chemical compounds. In this paper we study distance-based graph invariants and…

组合数学 · 数学 2011-03-15 Aleksandar Ili\' c

The Wiener index is defined as the sum of distances between all unordered pairs of vertices in a graph. It is one of the most recognized and well-researched topological indices, which is on the other hand still a very active area of…

组合数学 · 数学 2023-03-22 Martin Knor , Riste Škrekovski , Aleksandra Tepeh

Given an edge labeling $f$ of a graph $G$, a vertex $v$ is called an $AR$-vertex, if $v$ has distinct edge weight sums for each distinct subset of edges incident on $v$. An injective edge labeling $f$ of a graph $G$ is called an…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-02-27 Arun J Manattu , Aparna Lakshmanan S

We perform a detailed statistical study of the distribution of topological and spectral indices on random graphs $G=(V,E)$ in a wide range of connectivity regimes. First, we consider degree-based topological indices (TIs), and focus on two…

In this paper, the investigates Adriatic indices, specifically the sum lordeg index where it defined as $SL(G) = \sum_{u \in V(G)} \deg_G(u) \sqrt{\ln \deg_G(u)}$ and the variable sum exdeg index $SEI_a(G)$ for $a>0$, $a\neq 1$. We present…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-08-07 Jasem Hamoud , Duaa Abdullah

Given a simple connected undirected graph G, the Wiener index W(G) of G is defined as half the sum of the distances over all pairs of vertices of G. In practice, G corresponds to what is known as the molecular graph of an organic compound.…

离散数学 · 计算机科学 2010-12-13 R. Balakrishnan , N. Sridharan , K. V. Iyer

{\small The Wiener index $W(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the sum of the distances between all pairs of vertices in the graph. The Szeged index $Sz(G)$ of a graph $G$ is defined as $Sz(G)=\sum_{e=uv \in E}n_u(e)n_v(e)$ where $n_u(e)$ and $n_v(e)$…

组合数学 · 数学 2012-10-25 Lily Chen , Xueliang Li , Mengmeng Liu

The atom-bond connectivity (ABC) index is a well-known degree-based molecular structure descriptor with a variety of chemical applications. In 2010 Graovac and Ghorbani introduced a distance-based analog of this index, the Graovac-Ghorbani…

组合数学 · 数学 2016-09-07 Darko Dimitrov , Barbara Ikica , Riste Škrekovski

Consider a network $D$ of pipes which have to be cleaned using some cleaning agents, called brushes, assigned to some vertices. The tattooing of a simple connected directed graph $D$ is a particular type of the cleaning in which an arc are…

综合数学 · 数学 2016-04-05 Johan Kok , Naduvath Sudev

Chemical graphs are simple undirected connected graphs, where vertices represent atoms in a molecule and edges represent chemical bonds. A degree-based topological index is a molecular descriptor used to study specific physicochemical…

Let $G$ be a graph with vertex set $V(G)$ and edge set $E(G)$. The Sombor and reduced Sombor indices of $G$ are defined as $SO(G)=\sum_{uv\in E(G)}\sqrt{deg_G(u)^2+deg_G(v)^2}$ and $SO_{red}(G)=\sum_{uv\in…

组合数学 · 数学 2021-04-01 Kinkar Chandra Das , Ali Ghalavand , Ali Reza Ashrafi

For a connected graph $G$ on at least three vertices, the augmented Zagreb index (AZI) of $G$ is defined as $$AZI(G)=\sum_{uv\in E(G)}\left(\frac{d(u)d(v)}{d(u)+d(v)-2}\right)^{3},$$ being a topological index well-correlated with the…

组合数学 · 数学 2022-05-31 Muhuo Liu , Shumei Pang , Francesco Belardo , Akbar Ali