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Jordan operator algebras are norm-closed spaces of operators on a Hilbert space which are closed under the Jordan product. The discovery of the present paper is that there exists a huge and tractable theory of possibly nonselfadjoint Jordan…

We introduce the class of split regular Hom-Leibniz algebras as the natural generalization of split Leibniz algebras and split regular Hom-Lie algebras. By developing techniques of connections of roots for this kind of algebras, we show…

Classical and quantum superintegrable systems have a long history and they possess more integrals of motion than degrees of freedom. They have many attractive properties, wide applications in modern physics and connection to many domains in…

This article is devoted to the investigation of wrap groups of connected fiber bundles over the fields of real $\bf R$, complex $\bf C$ numbers, the quaternion skew field $\bf H$ and the octonion algebra $\bf O$. These groups are…

We give a uniform interpretation of the classical continuous Chebyshev's and Hahn's orthogonal polynomials of discrete variable in terms of Feigin's Lie algebra gl(N), where N is any complex number. One can similarly interpret Chebyshev's…

Generalizing supertropical algebras, we present a "layered" structure, "sorted" by a semiring which permits varying ghost layers, and indicate how it is more amenable than the "standard" supertropical construction in factorizations of…

We introduce some basic concepts for Jacobi-Jordan algebras such as: representations, crossed products or Frobenius/metabelian/co-flag objects. A new family of solutions for the quantum Yang-Baxter equation is constructed arising from any…

``Real Normed Algebras Revisited,'' the last paper of the late Gadi Moran, attempts to reconstruct the discovery of the complex numbers, the quaternions and the octonions, as well as proofs of their properties, using only what was known to…

We introduce the general polynomial algebras characterizing a class of higher order superintegrable systems that separate in Cartesian coordinates. The construction relies on underlying polynomial Heisenberg algebras and their defining…

All gradings by abelian groups are classified on the following algebras over an algebraically closed field of characteristic not 2: the simple Lie algebra of type $G_2$ (characteristic not 3), the exceptional simple Jordan algebra, and the…

We consider an integral version of the Freudenthal construction relating Jordan algebras and exceptional algebraic groups. We show how this construction is related to higher composition laws of M.Bhargava in number theory. We propose an…

Normed division rings are reviewed in the more general framework of composition algebras that include the split (indefinite metric) case. The Jordan - von Neumann - Wigner classification of finite dimensional Jordan algebras is outlined…

By means of a generalization of the S-expansion method we construct a procedure to obtain expanded higher-order Lie algebras. It is shown that the direct product between an Abelian semigroup S and a higher-order Lie algebra…

A new structure, based on joining copies of a group by means of a \emph{twist}, has recently been considered to describe the brackets of the two exceptional real Lie algebras of type $G_2$ in a highly symmetric way. In this work we show…

We provide an algorithm that, given any order $O$ in a quaternion algebra over a global field, computes representatives of all right equivalence classes of right $O$-ideals, including the non-invertible ones. The theory is developed for a…

We explain how structures related to octonions are ubiquitous in M-theory. All the exceptional Lie groups, and the projective Cayley line and plane appear in M-theory. Exceptional G_2-holonomy manifolds show up as compactifying spaces, and…

This text is meant to be a brief overview of the topics announced in the title and is based on my talk in Vienna (August/September 2007). It does not contain new results (except probably for a remark concerning Q-manifold homology, which I…

Going back to Kreisel in the Sixties, hyperarithmetical analysis is a cluster of logical systems just beyond arithmetical comprehension. Only recently natural examples of theorems from the mathematical mainstream were identified that fit…

We are concerned with the question when Hom-Lie structures on a Lie algebra are closed with respect to the Jordan product. Somewhat unexpectedly, this leads us to certain questions connected with the Yang-Baxter equation, and with…

Recently, Grozman and Leites returned to the original Cartan's description of Lie algebras to interpret the Melikyan algebras (for p<7) and several other little-known simple Lie algebras over algebraically closed fields for p=3 as…