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Let $\partial_H(u)$ be the set of edges incident with a vertex $u$ in the graph $H$. We say that a graph $G$ is $H$-colorable if there exist total functions $f : E(G) \rightarrow E(H)$ and $g : V(G) \rightarrow V(H)$ such that $f$ is a…

组合数学 · 数学 2024-01-12 Jorik Jooken

A coloring of the edges of a graph $G$ in which every $K_{1,2}$ is totally multicolored is known as a proper coloring and a coloring of the edges of $G$ in which every $K_{1,2}$ and every $K_{2,2}$ is totally multicolored is called a…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-09-03 Ryan R. Martin , Miklós Ruszinkó , Gábor N. Sárközy

Let $G$ be a graph embedded in a fixed surface $\Sigma$ of genus $g$ and let $L=(L(v):v\in V(G))$ be a collection of lists such that either each list has size at least five, or each list has size at least four and $G$ is triangle-free, or…

组合数学 · 数学 2018-05-08 Luke Postle , Robin Thomas

Let $\Gamma$ be an Abelian group and let $G$ be a simple graph. We say that $G$ is $\Gamma$-colorable if for some fixed orientation of $G$ and every edge labeling $\ell:E(G)\rightarrow \Gamma$, there exists a vertex coloring $c$ by the…

Given two colorings of a graph, we consider the following problem: can we recolor the graph from one coloring to the other through a series of elementary changes, such that the graph is properly colored after each step? We introduce the…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2019-01-18 Marthe Bonamy , Paul Ouvrard , Mikaël Rabie , Jukka Suomela , Jara Uitto

We investigate possible list extensions of generalised majority edge colourings of graphs and provide several results concerning these. Given a graph $G=(V,E)$, a list assignment $L:E\to 2^C$ and some level of majority tolerance…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-02-19 Paweł Pękała , Jakub Przybyło

We study the problem of color reversal in bicolored graphs under local inversions. A \emph{bicoloration} of a graph $G=(V,E)$ is a mapping $\beta: V \to \{-1,1\}$. A \emph{local inversion} at a vertex $v \in V$ consists of reversing the…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-10-02 Kumud Singh Porte , RB Sandeep , Kamal Santra

In the \textsc{Coloring Reconfiguration} problem, we are given two proper $k$-colorings of a graph and asked to decide whether one can be transformed into the other by repeatedly applying a specified recoloring rule, while maintaining a…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2025-11-11 Janosch Fuchs , Rin Saito , Tatsuhiro Suga , Takahiro Suzuki , Yuma Tamura

An interval coloring of a graph G is a proper coloring of E(G) by positive integers such that the colors on the edges incident to any vertex are consecutive. A (3,4)-biregular bigraph is a bipartite graph in which each vertex of one part…

We consider the flexible list coloring problem, in which we have a graph $G$, a color list assignment $L:V(G) \rightarrow 2^{\mathbb N}$, and a set $U \subseteq V(G)$ of vertices such that each $u \in U$ has a preferred color $p(u) \in…

组合数学 · 数学 2024-08-19 Richard Bi , Peter Bradshaw

A $(d,h)$-decomposition of a graph $G$ is an ordered pair $(D, H)$ such that $H$ is a subgraph of $G$ of maximum degree at most $h$ and $D$ is an acyclic orientation of $G-E(H)$ with maximum out-degree at most $d$. In this paper, we prove…

组合数学 · 数学 2023-03-16 Lingxi Li , Huajing Lu , Tao Wang , Xuding Zhu

List colouring is an influential and classic topic in graph theory. We initiate the study of a natural strengthening of this problem, where instead of one list-colouring, we seek many in parallel. Our explorations have uncovered a…

组合数学 · 数学 2023-08-03 Stijn Cambie , Wouter Cames van Batenburg , Ewan Davies , Ross J. Kang

Given a loop-free graph $H$, the reconfiguration problem for homomorphisms to $H$ (also called $H$-colourings) asks: given two $H$-colourings $f$ of $g$ of a graph $G$, is it possible to transform $f$ into $g$ by a sequence of single-vertex…

组合数学 · 数学 2024-03-06 Jae-Baek Lee , Jonathan A. Noel , Mark Siggers

A graph is $k$-planar if it can be drawn in the plane so that each edge is crossed at most $k$ times. Typically, the class of 1-planar graphs is among the most investigated graph families within the so-called "beyond planar graphs". A…

组合数学 · 数学 2021-01-29 Xin Zhang , Yan Li

For a graph $G$, the $k$-recolouring graph $\mathcal{R}_k(G)$ is the graph whose vertices are the $k$-colourings of $G$ and two colourings are joined by an edge if they differ in colour on exactly one vertex. We prove that for all $n \ge…

组合数学 · 数学 2021-07-06 Owen Merkel

The classical Weisfeiler-Leman algorithm aka color refinement is fundamental for graph learning with kernels and neural networks. Originally developed for graph isomorphism testing, the algorithm iteratively refines vertex colors. On many…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-12-09 Franka Bause , Nils M. Kriege

DP-coloring (also known as correspondence coloring) is a generalization of list coloring introduced recently by Dvo\v{r}\'ak and Postle (2017). In this paper, we prove that every planar graph $G$ without $4$-cycles adjacent to $k$-cycles is…

组合数学 · 数学 2018-11-08 Lily Chen , Runrun Liu , Gexin Yu , Ren Zhao , Xiangqian Zhou

A proper coloring of a graph is \emph{conflict-free} if, for every non-isolated vertex, some color is used exactly once on its neighborhood. Caro, Petru\v{s}evski, and \v{S}krekovski proved that every graph $G$ has a proper conflict-free…

组合数学 · 数学 2024-12-16 Daniel W. Cranston , Chun-Hung Liu

Let $G$ be a $\{C_4, C_5\}$-free planar graph with a list assignment $L$. Suppose a preferred color is given for some of the vertices. We prove that if all lists have size at least four, then there exists an $L$-coloring respecting at least…

组合数学 · 数学 2020-06-11 Donglei Yang , Fan Yang

Defective coloring (also known as relaxed or improper coloring) is a generalization of proper coloring defined as follows: for $d \in \mathbb{N}$, a coloring of a graph is $d$-defective if every vertex is colored the same as at most $d$ of…

组合数学 · 数学 2024-11-26 James Anderson