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Every two-sided ideal $\mathfrak a$ in the integral group ring $\mathbb Z[G] $ of a group $G$ determines a normal subgroup $G \cap (1 + \mathfrak a)$ of $G$. In this paper certain problems related to the identification of such subgroups,…

An approach to identify the normal subgroups determined by ideals in free group rings with the help of the derived functors of non-additive functors is explored. A similar approach, i.e., via derived functors, for computing limits of…

In this note we give a particularly short and simple proof of the following theorem of Karrass and Solitar. Let $H$ be a finitely generated subgroup of a free group $F$ with infinite index $[F:H]$. Then there is a nontrivial normal subgroup…

The structure of the defining ideal of the semigroup ring $k[H]$ of a numerical semigroup $H$ over a field $k$ is described, when the pseudo-Frobenius numbers of $H$ are multiples of a fixed integer.

It is shown that a nontrivial normal subgroup $N$ of a group $G$ is a free factor of the $N$'s normal closure in the $G$'s free product with arbitrary nontrivial groups.

We describe the structure of the quotient $\mathfrak{G}/\mathfrak{H}$ of a formal supergroup $\mathfrak{G}$ by its formal sub-supergroup $\mathfrak{H}$. This is a consequence which arises as a continuation of the authors' work (partly with…

The object of this note is to give a very short proof of the following theorem of Ivanov and Schupp. Let H be a finitely generated subgroup of a free group F and the index [F:H] infinite. Then there exists a nontrivial normal subgroup N of…

We extend L\"uck's determinant conjecture from groups to invariant random subgroups (IRS) of free groups, a framework generalizing groups where a non-sofic object is known to exist. For every free group, we prove the existence of an IRS…

Let $R$ be a commutative ring. When is a subgroup of $(R, +)$ an ideal of $R$? We investigate this problem for the rings $\mathbb{Z}^{d}$ and $\prod_{i=1}^{d} \mathbb{Z}_{n_{i}}$. For various subgroups of these rings we obtain necessary and…

This paper is about application of various homological methods to classical problems in the theory of group rings. It is shown that the third homology of groups plays a key role in Narain Gupta's three normal subgroup problem. For a free…

Let $K$ be a field and $F$ a free group. By a classical result of Cohn and Lewin, the free group algebra $K\left[F\right]$ is a free ideal ring (FIR): a ring over which the submodules of free modules are themselves free, and of a…

For any subgroup H of Out(F_n), either H has a finite index subgroup that fixes the conjugacy class of some proper, nontrivial free factor of F_n, or H contains a fully irreducible element phi, meaning that no positive power of phi fixes…

Let $\Pi$ be the \'etale fundamental group of a smooth affine curve over an algebraically closed field of characteristic $p>0$. We establish a criterion for profinite freeness of closed subgroups of $\Pi$. Roughly speaking, if a closed…

In this paper, we study defining ideals of numerical semigroup rings. Let $H$ be a numerical semigroup with multiplicity $a_0$ and embedding dimension $n$. Assuming $a_0/2+1\leq n$, we prove that the defining ideal of $H$ is determinantal…

Let $S\subseteq \mathbb N^p$ be a semigroup, any $P\subseteq S$ is an ideal of $S$ if $P+S\subseteq P$, and an $I(S)$-semigroup is the affine semigroup $P\cup \{0\}$, with $P$ an ideal of $S$. We characterise the $I(S)$-semigroups and the…

Let $\pi$ be a set of primes and $\mathfrak{F}$ be a formation. In this article a properties of the class ${\rm w}^{*}_{\pi}\mathfrak{F}$ of all groups $G$, such that $\pi(G)\subseteq \pi(\mathfrak{F})$ and the normalizers of all Sylow…

Consider a presentation $\mathcal{P}=<{\bf x}\mid{\bf \bigcup_{i=1}^n r_i}>$. Let ${\bf R_i}$ be the normal closure of the set ${\bf r_i}$ in the free group ${\bf F}$ with basis ${\bf x}$, $\mathcal{P}_i=<{\bf x}\mid{\bf r_i}>$, ${\bf N_i}…

In this work we will show that if $F$ is a positive integer, then the set ${\mathrm{Arf}}(F)=\{S\mid S \mbox{ is an Arf numerical semigroup with Frobenius number } F\}$ verifies the following conditions: 1) $\Delta(F)=\{0,F+1,\rightarrow\}$…

The characterization of normal subgroups M, N of free group F for which the quotient group F/[M,N] is finitely presented is given.

In this paper we give a subdirect decomposition of semigroups $({\mathfrak F}(S); \circ )$, where $S$ is a semigroup, ${\mathfrak F}(S)$ is the set of all fuzzy sets in $S$, and the operation $\circ$ on ${\mathfrak F}(S)$ is defined by the…