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We consider a realistic nonequilibrium protocol, where a quantum system in thermal equilibrium is suddenly subjected to an external force. Due to this force, the system is driven out of equilibrium and the expectation values of certain…

统计力学 · 物理学 2019-09-17 Jonas Richter , Mats H. Lamann , Christian Bartsch , Robin Steinigeweg , Jochen Gemmer

We study the entanglement spectrum in the many body localizing and thermalizing phases of one and two dimensional Hamiltonian systems, and periodically driven `Floquet' systems. We focus on the level statistics of the entanglement spectrum…

统计力学 · 物理学 2016-05-25 Scott D. Geraedts , Rahul Nandkishore , Nicolas Regnault

The Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis explains thermalization in isolated quantum systems through the statistical properties of observables in the energy eigenbasis. We investigate the crossover from integrability to chaos in the…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-01-15 Shivam Mishra , C Jisha , Ravi Prakash

Ergodic isolated quantum many-body systems satisfy the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH), i.e., the expectation values of local observables in the system's eigenstates approach the predictions of the microcanonical ensemble.…

无序系统与神经网络 · 物理学 2025-11-25 Adith Sai Aramthottil , Ali Emami Kopaei , Piotr Sierant , Lev Vidmar , Jakub Zakrzewski

For the typical quantum many-body systems that obey the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH), we argue that the entanglement entropy of (almost) all energy eigenstates is described by a single crossover function. The ETH implies that…

统计力学 · 物理学 2021-07-26 Qiang Miao , Thomas Barthel

We investigate the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) of highly excited descendant states in two-dimensional large central charge $c$ conformal field theory. We use operator product expansion of twist operators to calculate the…

高能物理 - 理论 · 物理学 2019-01-29 Wu-zhong Guo , Feng-Li Lin , Jiaju Zhang

We investigate off-diagonal matrix elements of local operators in integrable spin chains, focusing on the isotropic spin-$1/2$ Heisenberg chain ($XXX$ chain). We employ state-of-the-art Algebraic Bethe Ansatz results, which allow us to…

统计力学 · 物理学 2026-02-18 Federico Rottoli , Vincenzo Alba

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) provides a fundamental mechanism for emergent statistical mechanics in isolated chaotic quantum systems, asserting that individual energy eigenstates behave as pseudorandom vectors within an…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-05-27 Ning Sun , Yanting Cheng

In a recent Letter [PhysRevLett.119.030601 (2017), arXiv:1702.08227], Shiraishi and Mori claim to provide a general method for constructing local Hamiltonians that do not exhibit eigenstate thermalization. We argue that the claim is based…

统计力学 · 物理学 2018-07-19 Rubem Mondaini , Krishnanand Mallayya , Lea F. Santos , Marcos Rigol

This review gives a pedagogical introduction to the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH), its basis, and its implications to statistical mechanics and thermodynamics. In the first part, ETH is introduced as a natural extension of…

统计力学 · 物理学 2016-08-02 Luca D'Alessio , Yariv Kafri , Anatoli Polkovnikov , Marcos Rigol

We say of an isolated macroscopic quantum system in a pure state $\psi$ that it is in macroscopic thermal equilibrium (MATE) if $\psi$ lies in or close to a suitable subspace $\mathcal{H}_{eq}$ of Hilbert space. It is known that every…

统计力学 · 物理学 2025-07-29 Barbara Roos , Shoki Sugimoto , Stefan Teufel , Roderich Tumulka , Cornelia Vogel

Absence of thermalization after a global quantum quench is a well-established numerical observation in integrable many-body systems, and can be empirically related to a violation of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) in such…

统计力学 · 物理学 2026-04-14 Peter Reimann , Christian Eidecker-Dunkel

Matrix elements of observables in eigenstates of generic Hamiltonians are described by the Srednicki ansatz within the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH). We study a quantum chaotic spin-fermion model in a one-dimensional lattice,…

统计力学 · 物理学 2021-09-28 C. Schönle , D. Jansen , F. Heidrich-Meisner , L. Vidmar

The canonical ensemble plays a crucial role in statistical mechanics in and out of equilibrium. For example, the standard derivation of the fluctuation theorem relies on the assumption that the initial state of the heat bath is the…

统计力学 · 物理学 2022-04-20 Eiki Iyoda , Kazuya Kaneko , Takahiro Sagawa

The recent discovery that for large Hilbert spaces, almost all (that is, typical) Hamiltonians have eigenstates that place small subsystems in thermal equilibrium, has shed much light on the origins of irreversibility and thermalization.…

量子物理 · 物理学 2015-06-03 Shawn Dubey , Luciano Silvestri , Justin Finn , Sai Vinjanampathy , Kurt Jacobs

We present preliminary numerical evidence for the hypothesis that the Hamiltonian SU(2) gauge theory discretized on a lattice obeys the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH). To do so we study three approximations: (a) a linear…

高能物理 - 格点 · 物理学 2024-08-29 Lukas Ebner , Berndt Müller , Andreas Schäfer , Clemens Seidl , Xiaojun Yao

Using the ergodicity principle for the expectation values of several types of observables, we investigate the thermalization process in isolated fermionic systems. These are described by the two-body random ensemble, which is a paradigmatic…

统计力学 · 物理学 2015-05-27 V. K. B. Kota , A. Relaño , J. Retamosa , Manan Vyas

We present a theory to describe thermalization mechanism for time-periodic finite isolated interacting quantum systems. The long time asymptote of natural observables in Floquet states is directly related to averages of these observables…

统计力学 · 物理学 2014-10-14 Dong E. Liu

By means of a Floquet analysis, we study the quantum dynamics of a fully connected Lipkin-Ising ferromagnet in a periodically driven transverse field showing that thermalization in the steady state is intimately connected to properties of…

统计力学 · 物理学 2015-08-31 Angelo Russomanno , Rosario Fazio , Giuseppe E. Santoro

We consider the statistical properties of eigenstates of the time-evolution operator in chaotic many-body quantum systems. Our focus is on correlations between eigenstates that are specific to spatially extended systems and that…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-08-21 Dominik Hahn , David J. Luitz , J. T. Chalker