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A total dominating set of a graph $G$ is a set $D$ of vertices of $G$ such that every vertex of $G$ has a neighbor in $D$. A locating-total dominating set of $G$ is a total dominating set $D$ of $G$ with the additional property that every…

组合数学 · 数学 2016-07-25 Florent Foucaud , Michael A. Henning

If $G$ is a finite group, then the spectrum $\omega(G)$ is the set of all element orders of $G$. The prime spectrum $\pi(G)$ is the set of all primes belonging to $\omega(G)$. A simple graph $\Gamma(G)$ whose vertex set is $\pi(G)$ and in…

群论 · 数学 2025-04-22 Mingzhu Chen , Ilya B. Gorshkov , Natalia V. Maslova , Nanying Yang

A sequence of vertices in a graph $G$ without isolated vertices is called a total dominating sequence if every vertex $v$ in the sequence has a neighbor which is adjacent to no vertex preceding $v$ in the sequence, and at the end every…

组合数学 · 数学 2020-10-28 Selim Bahadır , Didem Gözüpek , Oğuz Doğan

A subset $S$ of vertices in a graph $G$ is a secure total dominating set of $G$ if $S$ is a total dominating set of $G$ and, for each vertex $u \not\in S$, there is a vertex $v \in S$ such that $uv$ is an edge and $(S \setminus \{v\}) \cup…

组合数学 · 数学 2024-04-10 Yasufumi Aita , Toru Araki

The inertia of a graph $G$ is $\operatorname{In}(G)=(n^+(G),n^0(G),n^-(G))$, where $n^+(G),\, n^0(G),\, n^-(G)$ are the numbers of positive, zero and negative eigenvalues of the adjacency matrix of $G$, respectively, counted with…

组合数学 · 数学 2026-05-11 Hongzhang Chen , Jianxi Li

A numbering $f$ of a graph $G$ of order $n$ is a labeling that assigns distinct elements of the set $\left\{ 1,2,\ldots ,n\right\} $ to the vertices of $G$. The strength $\textrm{str}_{f}\left( G\right)$ of a numbering $f:V\left( G\right)…

组合数学 · 数学 2023-04-04 Yukio Takahashi , Rikio Ichishima , Francesc A. Muntaner-Batle

A locating-dominating set of a graph $G$ is a dominating set $D$ of $G$ with the additional property that every two distinct vertices outside $D$ have distinct neighbors in $D$; that is, for distinct vertices $u$ and $v$ outside $D$, $N(u)…

组合数学 · 数学 2016-01-20 Florent Foucaud , Michael A. Henning , Christian Löwenstein , Thomas Sasse

Let $G$ be a graph with adjacency matrix $A(G)$ and let $D(G)$ be the diagonal matrix of the degrees of $G$. For any real $\alpha\in [0,1]$, Nikiforov \cite{VN1} defined the matrix $A_{\alpha}(G)$ as $$A_{\alpha}(G)=\alpha…

组合数学 · 数学 2020-02-28 Huiqiu Lin , Jie Xue , Jinlong Shu

A graph is called equimatchable if all of its maximal matchings have the same size. Due to Eiben and Kotrb\v{c}\'{i}k,, any connected graph with odd order and independence number $\alpha(G)$ at most $2$ is equimatchable. Akbari et al.…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-09-15 Xiao Zhao , Haojie Zheng , Fengming Dong , Hengzhe Li , Yingbin Ma

Let $G$ be a graph of order $n$. For a positive integer $p$, $G$ is said to be a $\mathbf{W}_{p}$ graph if $n\geq p$ and every $p$ pairwise disjoint independent sets of $G$ are contained within $p$ pairwise disjoint maximum independent…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-09-04 Do Trong Hoang , Vadim E. Levit , Eugen Mandrescu , My Hanh Pham

Let $G$ be a simple graph with $2n$ vertices and a perfect matching. We denote by $f(G)$ and $F(G)$ the minimum and maximum forcing number of $G$, respectively. Hetyei obtained that the maximum number of edges of graphs $G$ with a unique…

组合数学 · 数学 2022-11-23 Qianqian Liu , Heping Zhang

The dominating graph of a graph G is a graph whose vertices correspond to the dominating sets of G and two vertices are adjacent whenever their corresponding dominating sets differ in exactly one vertex. Studying properties of dominating…

组合数学 · 数学 2022-12-12 Alireza Mofidi

A non-empty set $S\subseteq V (G)$ of the simple graph $G=(V(G),E(G))$ is an independent dominating set of $G$ if every vertex not in $S$ is adjacent with some vertex in $S$ and the vertices of $S$ are pairwise non-adjacent. The independent…

Given two graphs G and H its 1-{\it join} is the graph obtained by taking the disjoint union of G and H and adding all the edges between a nonempty subset of vertices of G and a nonempty subset of vertices of H. In general, composition…

组合数学 · 数学 2007-07-30 Carlos E. Valencia , Marcos I. Barrita

The Hadwiger number h(G) of a graph G is the maximum size of a complete minor of G. Hadwiger's Conjecture states that h(G) >= \chi(G). Since \chi(G) \alpha(G) >= |V(G)|, Hadwiger's Conjecture implies that \alpha(G) h(G) >= |V(G)|. We show…

组合数学 · 数学 2011-10-14 Jozsef Balogh , John Lenz , Hehui Wu

If alpha=alpha(G) is the maximum size of an independent set and s_{k} equals the number of stable sets of cardinality k in graph G, then I(G;x)=s_{0}+s_{1}x+...+s_{alpha}x^{alpha} is the independence polynomial of G. In this paper we prove…

组合数学 · 数学 2011-01-25 Vadim E. Levit , Eugen Mandrescu

The independence polynomial of a graph is termed {\it stable} if all its roots are located in the left half-plane $\{z \in \mathbb{C} : \mathrm{Re}(z) \leq 0\}$, and the graph itself is also referred to as stable. Brown and Cameron…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-06-02 Guo Chen , Bo Ning , Jianhua Tu

The dominating number $\gamma(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the minimum size of a vertex set whose closed neighborhood covers all the vertices of the graph. The packing number $\rho(G)$ of $G$ is the maximum size of a vertex set whose closed…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-03-10 Marthe Bonamy , Mónika Csikós , Anna Gujgiczer , Yelena Yuditsky

A set $X \subseteq V(G)$ in a graph $G$ is $(q,k)$-unbreakable if every separation $(A,B)$ of order at most $k$ in $G$ satisfies $|A \cap X| \leq q$ or $|B \cap X| \leq q$. In this paper, we prove the following result: If a graph $G$…

组合数学 · 数学 2022-10-27 Daniel Lokshtanov , Marcin Pilipczuk , Michał Pilipczuk , Saket Saurabh

A copy of a graph $F$ is called an $F$-copy. For any graph $G$, the $F$-isolation number of $G$, denoted by $\iota(G,F)$, is the size of a smallest subset $D$ of the vertex set of $G$ such that the closed neighbourhood $N[D]$ of $D$ in $G$…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-06-12 Peter Borg , Alastair Farrugia