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A proper vertex coloring of a graph is equitable if the sizes of all color classes differ by at most $1$. For a list assignment $L$ of $k$ colors to each vertex of an $n$-vertex graph $G$, an equitable $L$-coloring of $G$ is a proper…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-12-30 H. A. Kierstead , Alexandr Kostochka , Zimu Xiang

We study a weighted-set graph coloring problem in which one assigns $q$ colors to the vertices of a graph such that adjacent vertices have different colors, with a vertex weighting $w$ that either disfavors or favors a given subset of $s$…

数学物理 · 物理学 2011-08-19 Robert Shrock , Yan Xu

A graceful $l$-coloring of a graph $G$ is a proper vertex coloring with $l$ colors which induces a proper edge coloring with at most $l-1$ colors, where the color for an edge $ab$ is the absolute difference between the colors assigned to…

组合数学 · 数学 2024-07-01 Laavanya D. , Devi Yamini S.

Let $G$ be a graph and $t$ a nonnegative integer. Suppose $f$ is a mapping from the vertex set of $G$ to $\{1,2,\dots, k\}$. If, for any vertex $u$ of $G$, the number of neighbors $v$ of $u$ with $f(v)=f(u)$ is less than or equal to $t$,…

组合数学 · 数学 2021-06-15 Jun Lan , Wensong Lin

If the vertices of a graph $G$ are colored with $k$ colors such that no adjacent vertices receive the same color and the sizes of any two color classes differ by at most one, then $G$ is said to be equitably $k$-colorable. Let $|G|$ denote…

组合数学 · 数学 2014-08-27 Bor-Liang Chen , Kuo-Ching Huang , Ko-Wei Lih

Motivated by the definition of linear coloring on simplicial complexes, recently introduced in the context of algebraic topology \cite{Civan}, and the framework through which it was studied, we introduce the linear coloring on graphs. We…

离散数学 · 计算机科学 2008-07-29 Kyriaki Ioannidou , Stavros D. Nikolopoulos

Let $G$ be a simple graph and $c$ a proper vertex coloring of $G$. A vertex $u$ is called b-vertex in $(G,c)$ if all colors except $c(u)$ appear in the neighborhood of $u$. By a ${\rm b}^{\ast}$-coloring of $G$ using colors $\{1, \ldots,…

组合数学 · 数学 2024-09-06 Manouchehr Zaker

The proper conflict-free chromatic number, $\chi_{pcf}(G)$, of a graph $G$ is the least $k$ such that $G$ has a proper $k$-coloring in which for each non-isolated vertex there is a color appearing exactly once among its neighbors. The…

Inspired by the majority colorings and C-colorings, we introduce and study the majority C-coloring of graphs. In such a vertex coloring, every vertex shares its color with at least half of its neighbors. The maximum number of colors that…

组合数学 · 数学 2026-04-23 Csilla Bujtas , Magda Dettlaff , Hanna Furmanczyk , Aleksandra Laskowska

A proper coloring of vertices of a graph is equitable if the sizes of any two color classes differ by at most 1. Such colorings have many applications and are interesting by themselves. In this paper, we discuss the state of art and…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-04-22 H. A. Kierstead , Alexandr Kostochka , Zimu Xiang

A proper $k$-coloring of a graph $G$ is a \emph{neighbor-locating $k$-coloring} if for each pair of vertices in the same color class, the two sets of colors found in their respective neighborhoods are different. The…

组合数学 · 数学 2024-08-05 Dipayan Chakraborty , Florent Foucaud , Soumen Nandi , Sagnik Sen , D K Supraja

Given an integer $k\ge1$, an edge-$k$-coloring of a graph $G$ is an assignment of $k$ colors $1,\ldots,k$ to the edges of $G$ such that no two adjacent edges receive the same color. A vertex-distinguishing (resp. sum-distinguishing)…

组合数学 · 数学 2024-12-11 Yuping Gao , Songling Shan , Guanghui Wang

We introduce the notion of a properly ordered coloring (POC) of a weighted graph, that generalizes the notion of vertex coloring of a graph. Under a POC, if $xy$ is an edge, then the larger weighted vertex receives a larger color; in the…

组合数学 · 数学 2021-02-18 Shinya Fujita , Sergey Kitaev , Shizuka Sato , Li-Da Tong

The chromatic number $\chi(G)$ of a graph $G$, that is, the smallest number of colors required to color the vertices of $G$ so that no two adjacent vertices are assigned the same color, is a classic and extensively studied parameter. Here…

组合数学 · 数学 2021-04-23 Anders Martinsson , Konstantinos Panagiotou , Pascal Su , Miloš Trujić

In 2003 Kostochka, Pelsmajer, and West introduced a list analogue of equitable coloring called equitable choosability. A $k$-assignment, $L$, for a graph $G$ assigns a list, $L(v)$, of $k$ available colors to each $v \in V(G)$, and an…

组合数学 · 数学 2019-08-06 Jeffrey A. Mudrock , Max Marsh , Tim Wagstrom

Let $F$ be a family of connected bipartite graphs, each with at least three vertices. A proper vertex colouring of a graph $G$ with no bichromatic subgraph in $F$ is $\F$-free. The $F$-free chromatic number $\chi(G,F)$ of a graph $G$ is the…

组合数学 · 数学 2011-10-05 Attila Pór , David R. Wood

A well-studied concept is that of the total chromatic number. A proper total colouring of a graph is a colouring of both vertices and edges so that every pair of adjacent vertices receive different colours, every pair of adjacent edges…

组合数学 · 数学 2010-09-14 Tom Coker , Karen Johannson

A vertex coloring of a given graph $G$ is conflict-free if the closed neighborhood of every vertex contains a unique color (i.e. a color appearing only once in the neighborhood). The minimum number of colors in such a coloring is the…

组合数学 · 数学 2020-09-07 Michał Dębski , Jakub Przybyło

This paper introduces a new variant of domination-related coloring of graphs, which is a combination of their dominator coloring and equitable coloring called the equitable dominator coloring. An equitable coloring is a proper coloring in…

组合数学 · 数学 2024-08-27 Phebe Sarah George , S. Madhumitha , Sudev Naduvath

For any graph $G$, the First-Fit (or Grundy) chromatic number of $G$, denoted by $\chi_{_{\sf FF}}(G)$, is defined as the maximum number of colors used by the First-Fit (greedy) coloring of the vertices of $G$. We call a family…

组合数学 · 数学 2016-05-16 Manouchehr Zaker