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Let G be a cubic graph, with girth at least five, such that for every partition X,Y of its vertex set with |X|,|Y|>6 there are at least six edges between X and Y. We prove that if there is no homeomorphic embedding of the Petersen graph in…

组合数学 · 数学 2014-03-11 Neil Robertson , Paul Seymour , Robin Thomas

We give an elementary proof for the non-$3$-colorability of $4$-chromatic Schrijver graphs thus providing such a proof also for $4$-chromatic Kneser graphs. To this end we use a complete description of the structure of $4$-chromatic…

组合数学 · 数学 2019-12-10 Gábor Simonyi , Gábor Tardos

We present results on partitioning the vertices of $2$-edge-colored graphs into monochromatic paths and cycles. We prove asymptotically the two-color case of a conjecture of S\'ark\"ozy: the vertex set of every $2$-edge-colored graph can be…

组合数学 · 数学 2015-09-21 Jozsef Balogh , Janos Barat , Daniel Gerbner , Andras Gyarfas , GAbor N. Sarkozy

This paper investigates an extremely classic NP-complete problem: How to determine if a graph G, where each vertex has a degree of at most 4, can be 3-colorable(The research in this paper focuses on graphs G that satisfy the condition where…

计算复杂性 · 计算机科学 2024-05-21 Zikang Deng

A cycle is $2$-colored if its edges are properly colored by two distinct colors. A $(d,s)$-edge colorable graph $G$ is a $d$-regular graph that admits a proper $d$-edge coloring in which every edge of $G$ is in at least $s-1$ $2$-colored…

组合数学 · 数学 2019-05-28 Lan Anh Pham

Thomassen formulated the following conjecture: Every $3$-connected cubic graph has a red-blue vertex coloring such that the blue subgraph has maximum degree at most $1$ (that is, it consists of a matching and some isolated vertices) and the…

组合数学 · 数学 2022-12-09 János Barát , Zoltán L. Blázsik , Gábor Damásdi

DP-coloring (also known as correspondence coloring) is a generalization of list coloring introduced recently by Dvo\v{r}\'ak and Postle (2017). In this paper, we prove that every planar graph $G$ without $4$-cycles adjacent to $k$-cycles is…

组合数学 · 数学 2018-11-08 Lily Chen , Runrun Liu , Gexin Yu , Ren Zhao , Xiangqian Zhou

Triangulation graph staining is sufficient for planar graph staining. This article will focus on triangulation and the nature of the color change channel of the staining tool. By construction, the four colors of the vertex are converted…

综合数学 · 数学 2019-01-28 Rundong Gan

A graph drawn in a surface is a near-quadrangulation if the sum of the lengths of the faces different from 4-faces is bounded by a fixed constant. We leverage duality between colorings and flows to design an efficient algorithm for…

组合数学 · 数学 2023-03-13 Caroline Bang , Zdeněk Dvořák , Emily Heath , Bernard Lidický

A conjecture of Erd\H{o}s, Graham, Montgomery, Rothschild, Spencer and Straus states that, with the exception of equilateral triangles, any two-coloring of the plane will have a monochromatic congruent copy of every three-point…

组合数学 · 数学 2024-11-20 Gabriel Currier , Kenneth Moore , Chi Hoi Yip

A celebrated result of Thomassen states that not only can every planar graph be colored properly with five colors, but no matter how arbitrary palettes of five colors are assigned to vertices, one can choose a color from the corresponding…

组合数学 · 数学 2013-05-10 Maria Axenovich , Joan P. Hutchinson , Michelle A. Lastrina

Higher dimensional graphs can be used to colour two-dimensional geometric graphs. If G the boundary of a three dimensional graph H for example, we can refine the interior until it is colourable with 4 colours. The later goal is achieved if…

组合数学 · 数学 2014-12-23 Oliver Knill

In the past various distance based colorings on planar graphs were introduced. We turn our focus to three of them, namely $2$-distance coloring, injective coloring, and exact square coloring. A $2$-distance coloring is a proper coloring of…

组合数学 · 数学 2023-03-20 Hoang La , Kenny Štorgel

Graph coloring with preferences offers a powerful framework for constraint satisfaction problems in which fulfilling every request is impossible but satisfying a guaranteed positive fraction is highly desirable. A \emph{request} on a graph…

组合数学 · 数学 2026-05-25 Shu Fang , Runrun Liu , Gexin Yu

The colouring defect of a cubic graph is the smallest number of edges left uncovered by any set of three perfect matchings. While $3$-edge-colourable graphs have defect $0$, those that cannot be $3$-edge-coloured (that is, snarks) are known…

组合数学 · 数学 2023-10-03 Ján Karabáš , Edita Máčajová , Roman Nedela , Martin Škoviera

DP-coloring, also known as correspondence coloring, is introduced by Dvo{\v{r}}{\'{a}}k and Postle. It is a generalization of list coloring. In this paper, we show that every connected toroidal graph without triangles adjacent to $5$-cycles…

组合数学 · 数学 2019-08-15 Tao Wang

We give a pictorial proof that transparently illustrates why four colours suffce to chromatically differentiate any set of contiguous, simply connected and bounded, planar spaces; by showing that there is no minimal planar map. We show,…

综合数学 · 数学 2021-10-20 Bhupinder Singh Anand

This is the second in a sequence of three papers in which we prove the following generalization of Thomassen's 5-choosability theorem: Let $G$ be a graph embedded on a surface of genus $g$. Then $G$ can be $L$-colored, where $L$ is a…

组合数学 · 数学 2024-03-22 Joshua Nevin

Bowlin and Brin defined the class of color graphs, whose vertices are triangulated polygons compatible with a fixed four-coloring of the polygon vertices. In this article it is proven that each color graph has a vertex-induced embedding in…

组合数学 · 数学 2018-07-03 Rui Pedro Carpentier , Roger Picken

We prove the conjecture made by G.Wegner in 1977 that the square of every planar, cubic graph is $7$-colorable. Here, $7$ cannot be replaced by $6$.

组合数学 · 数学 2017-08-16 Carsten Thomassen