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The purpose of this paper is to prove the Frame-Stewart algorithm for the generalized Towers of Hanoi problem as well as finding the number of moves required to solve the problem and studying the multitude of optimal solutions. The main…

组合数学 · 数学 2012-04-24 Mikael Erik Jörgensen

In the Twin Towers of Hanoi version of the well known Towers of Hanoi Problem there are two coupled sets of pegs. In each move, one chooses a pair of pegs in one of the sets and performs the only possible legal transfer of a disk between…

组合数学 · 数学 2011-08-24 Zoran Sunic

We develop a unified algebraic theory of the weighted Tower of Hanoi with arbitrary nonnegative symmetric move costs depending on both disc index and pegs. Starting from a general optimality recurrence with two competing strategies -- one…

组合数学 · 数学 2026-05-22 Andreas M. Hinz , El-Mehdi Mehiri

The Tower of Hanoi game is a classical puzzle in recreational mathematics (Lucas 1883) which also has a strong record in pure mathematics. In a borderland between these two areas we find the characterization of the minimal number of moves,…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2017-08-31 Jonathan Chappelon , Urban Larsson , Akihiro Matsuura

We prove the exact formulae for the expected number of moves to solve several variants of the Tower of Hanoi puzzle with 3 pegs and n disks, when each move is chosen uniformly randomly from the set of all valid moves. We further present an…

组合数学 · 数学 2017-12-11 Max A. Alekseyev , Toby Berger

Our theme bases on the classical Hanoi Towers Problem. In this paper we will define a new problem, permitting some positions, that were not legal in the classical problem. Our goal is to find an optimal (shortest possible) sequence of…

离散数学 · 计算机科学 2007-05-23 Sergey Benditkis , Illya Safro

We introduce and study a new four-peg variant of the Tower of Hanoi problem under parity constraints. Two pegs are neutral and allow arbitrary disc placements, while the remaining two pegs are restricted to discs of a prescribed parity: one…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-10-28 El-Mehdi Mehiri

The generalized Tower of Hanoi problem with h \ge 4 pegs is known to require a sub-exponentially fast growing number of moves in order to transfer a pile of n disks from one peg to another. In this paper we study the Path_h variant, where…

离散数学 · 计算机科学 2011-02-25 Daniel Berend , Amir Sapir , Shay Solomon

Consider the restricted Hanoi graphs which correspond to the variants of the famous Tower of Hanoi problem with multiple pegs where moves of the discs are restricted throughout the arcs of a movement digraph whose vertices represent the…

组合数学 · 数学 2026-03-31 El-Mehdi Mehiri

In the Tower of Hanoi problem, there is six types of moves between the three pegs. The main purpose of the present paper is to find out the number of each of these six elementary moves in the optimal sequence of moves. We present a…

组合数学 · 数学 2026-03-31 Hacène Belbachir , El-Mehdi Mehiri

The Frame-Stewart conjecture states the least number of moves to solve a generalized Tower of Hanoi problem, of n disks and p pegs. In this paper, we prove a weaker version of the Frame-Stewart conjecture.

组合数学 · 数学 2020-07-17 Youngjin Bae

The problem of the Hanoi Tower is a classic exercise in recursive programming: the solution has a simple recursive definition, and its complexity and the matching lower bound are the solution of a simple recursive function (the solution is…

综合文献 · 计算机科学 2016-03-14 Jérémy Barbay

In this paper, our aim is to prove that our recursive algorithm to solve the "Reve's puzzle" (four- peg Tower of Hanoi) is the optimal solution according to minimum number of moves. Here we used Frame's five step algorithm to solve the…

离散数学 · 计算机科学 2011-12-06 Bijoy Rahman Arif

The objective of the well-known Towers of Hanoi puzzle is to move a set of disks one at a time from one of a set of pegs to another, while keeping the disks sorted on each peg. We propose an adversarial variation in which the first player…

离散数学 · 计算机科学 2022-05-30 David Eppstein , Daniel Frishberg , William Maxwell

The famous Tower of Hanoi puzzle involves moving $n$ discs of distinct sizes from one of $p\geq 3$ pegs (traditionally $p=3$) to another of the pegs, subject to the constraints that only one disc may be moved at a time, and no disc can ever…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-10-22 David Eppstein , Daniel Frishberg , William Maxwell

More than a century after its proposal, the Towers of Hanoi puzzle with 4 pegs was solved by Thierry Bousch in a breakthrough paper in 2014. The general problem with p pegs is still open, with the best lower bound on the minimum number of…

组合数学 · 数学 2015-08-19 Codrut Grosu

In this work I study a modified Tower of Hanoi puzzle, which I term Magnetic Tower of Hanoi (MToH). The original Tower of Hanoi puzzle, invented by the French mathematician Edouard Lucas in 1883, spans "base 2". That is - the number of…

组合数学 · 数学 2010-03-11 Uri Levy

The Tower of Hanoi continues to provide a surprisingly rich meeting point for recursive reasoning, combinatorial geometry, and computational verification. Motivated by the editorial standards of the Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-11-12 Qi Junyi

Considering the symmetries and self similarity properties of the corresponding labeled graphs, it is shown that the minimal number of moves in the Tower of Hanoi game with $p =4$ pegs and $n \geq p$ disks satisfies the recursive formula $…

组合数学 · 数学 2016-01-19 Janez Žerovnik

We present efficient algorithms for constructing a shortest path between two states in the Tower of Hanoi graph, and for computing the length of the shortest path. The key element is a finite-state machine which decides, after examining on…

组合数学 · 数学 2007-05-23 Dan Romik
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