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Let $M^n$ be a compact orientable smooth Riemannian submanifold of dimension $n\geq 3$ in $\mathbb R^d$. We construct a family of deformed Hodge Laplacians $\Delta_t^*$, $t>0$, acting on differential forms and defined through the extrinsic…

Given i.i.d. observations uniformly distributed on a closed submanifold of the Euclidean space, we study higher-order generalizations of graph Laplacians, so-called Hodge Laplacians on graphs, as approximations of the Laplace-Beltrami…

Let ${M}$ be a compact Riemannian submanifold of ${{\bf R}^m}$ of dimension $\scriptstyle{d}$ and let ${X_1,...,X_n}$ be a sample of i.i.d. points in ${M}$ with uniform distribution. We study the random operators $$…

The spectral structure of the Laplacian-Beltrami operator (LBO) on manifolds has been widely used in many applications, include spectral clustering, dimensionality reduction, mesh smoothing, compression and editing, shape segmentation,…

Graph Laplacian based algorithms for data lying on a manifold have been proven effective for tasks such as dimensionality reduction, clustering, and denoising. In this work, we consider data sets whose data points lie on a manifold that is…

Eigenvectors and eigenvalues of discrete graph Laplacians are often used for manifold learning and nonlinear dimensionality reduction. It was previously proved by Belkin and Niyogi that the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of the graph…

Recently, topological data analysis has become a trending topic in data science and engineering. However, the key technique of topological data analysis, i.e., persistent homology, is defined on point cloud data, which does not work…

In this paper we study Lipschitz regularity of elliptic PDEs on geometric graphs, constructed from random data points. The data points are sampled from a distribution supported on a smooth manifold. The family of equations that we study…

Approximations of Laplace-Beltrami operators on manifolds through graph Lapla-cians have become popular tools in data analysis and machine learning. These discretized operators usually depend on bandwidth parameters whose tuning remains a…

Manifold learning methods play a prominent role in nonlinear dimensionality reduction and other tasks involving high-dimensional data sets with low intrinsic dimensionality. Many of these methods are graph-based: they associate a vertex…

The Helmholtzian matrix of a graph $G=(V(G),E(G))$ is a graph-theoretic analogue of the vector Laplacian (or Helmholtz operator) [S. Li, L. Lu, J.F. Wang, A graph discretization of vector Laplacian, 379 (2026) 446--460]. Motivated by the…

Point clouds can be regarded as discrete samples of smooth manifolds and are typically analyzed via the eigenfunctions of the Laplace-Beltrami operator. This paper extends manifold spectral analysis to the fractional domain, enabling…

In this paper we consider a complete connected noncompact Riemannian manifold M with Ricci curvature bounded from below and positive injectivity radius. Denote by L the Laplace-Beltrami operator on M. We assume that the kernel associated to…

Given i.i.d.\ samples $X_n =\{ x_1, \dots, x_n \}$ from a distribution supported on a low dimensional manifold ${M}$ embedded in Eucliden space, we consider the graph Laplacian operator $\Delta_n$ associated to an $\varepsilon$-proximity…

Let $\grad$, $\curl$, and $\dv$ be the graph-theoretic analogues of the gradient, curl, and divergence operators from multivariate calculus. The graph Laplacian $-\dv \grad$ gives rise to the celebrated Laplacian matrix, while the matrix…

Graph Laplacians as well as related spectral inequalities and (co-)homology provide a foray into discrete analogues of Riemannian manifolds, providing a rich interplay between combinatorics, geometry and theoretical physics. We apply some…

In this article, we consider the manifold learning problem when the data set is invariant under the action of a compact Lie group $K$. Our approach consists in augmenting the data-induced graph Laplacian by integrating over the $K$-orbits…

The manifold hypothesis posits that high-dimensional data typically resides on low-dimensional sub spaces. In this paper, we assume manifold hypothesis to investigate graph-based semi-supervised learning methods. In particular, we examine…

Many shape analysis methods treat the geometry of an object as a metric space that can be captured by the Laplace-Beltrami operator. In this paper, we propose to adapt the classical Hamiltonian operator from quantum mechanics to the field…

The discrete Laplacian operator holds a crucial role in 3D geometry processing, yet it is still challenging to define it on point clouds. Previous works mainly focused on constructing a local triangulation around each point to approximate…