相关论文: Kempe equivalence of $4$-critical planar graphs

Given a graph $G=(V,E)$ and a proper vertex colouring of $G$, a Kempe chain is a subset of $V$ that induces a maximal connected subgraph of $G$ in which every vertex has one of two colours. To make a Kempe change is to obtain one colouring…

Let $G_{n}$, where $n \geqslant 5$, be a simple plane triangulation which has $2$ non-adjacent vertices of degree $n$ (called \textit{poles} of $G_n$) and $2n$ vertices of degree~$5$. A set of Kempe equivalent $4$-colourings of $G_{n}$ is…

A graph $G$ is said to be $k$-critical if $G$ is $k$-colorable and $G-e$ is not $k$-colorable for every edge $e$ of $G$. In this paper, we present some new methods from two or more small 4-critical graphs to construct a larger 4-critical…

In the first part, we introduce a notion a degree of edge-colorings of bicubic plane graphs and proves some local formula of the graded number of colorings. In the second part, we give a new proof of a result of Fisk saying that any two…

By the Grunbaum-Aksenov Theorem (extending Grotzsch's Theorem) every planar graph with at most three triangles is 3-colorable. However, there are infinitely many planar 4-critical graphs with exactly four triangles. We describe all such…

Kempe equivalence is a classical and important notion on vertex coloring in graph theory. In the present paper, we introduce several ideals associated with graphs and provide a method to determine whether two $k$-colorings are Kempe…

It is proved that all 4-edge-colourings of a (sub)cubic graph are Kempe equivalent. This resolves a conjecture of the second author. In fact, it is found that the maximum degree Delta=3 is a threshold for Kempe equivalence of…

Two edge colorings of a graph are {\em edge-Kempe equivalent} if one can be obtained from the other by a series of edge-Kempe switches. This work gives some results for the number of edge-Kempe equivalence classes for cubic graphs. In…

Let $G$ be a graph with a vertex colouring $\alpha$. Let $a$ and $b$ be two colours. Then a connected component of the subgraph induced by those vertices coloured either $a$ or $b$ is known as a Kempe chain. A colouring of $G$ obtained from…

DP-coloring of a simple graph is a generalization of list coloring, and also a generalization of signed coloring of signed graphs. It is known that for each $k \in \{3, 4, 5, 6\}$, every planar graph without $C_k$ is 4-choosable.…

For a list assignment $L$ and an $L$-coloring $\varphi$, a Kempe swap in $\varphi$ is \emph{$L$-valid} if it yields another $L$-coloring. Two $L$-colorings are \emph{$L$-equivalent} if we can form one from another by a sequence of $L$-valid…

DP-coloring (also known as correspondence coloring) is a generalization of list coloring introduced recently by Dvo\v{r}\'ak and Postle (2017). In this paper, we prove that every planar graph $G$ without $4$-cycles adjacent to $k$-cycles is…

Deciding whether a planar graph (even of maximum degree $4$) is $3$-colorable is NP-complete. Determining subclasses of planar graphs being $3$-colorable has a long history, but since Gr\"{o}tzsch's result that triangle-free planar graphs…

DP-coloring (also known as correspondence coloring) is a generalization of list coloring, introduced by Dvo\v{r}\'ak and Postle in 2017. It is well-known that there are non-4-choosable planar graphs. Much attention has recently been put on…

An $\alpha,\beta$-Kempe swap in a properly colored graph interchanges the colors on some component of the subgraph induced by colors $\alpha$ and $\beta$. Two $k$-colorings of a graph are $k$-Kempe equivalent if we can form one from the…

4-critical wheel graphs of higher order are considered concerning their belonging to free-planar or free-Hadwiger classes.

We describe an algorithm for generating all $k$-critical $\mathcal H$-free graphs, based on a method of Ho\`{a}ng et al. Using this algorithm, we prove that there are only finitely many $4$-critical $(P_7,C_k)$-free graphs, for both $k=4$…

Plane triangulations with all vertices of degree $3$ or $6$ are enumerated. A plane triangulation is said to be akempic if it has a $4$-colouring such that no two adjacent triangles have the same three colours and this colouring is not…

We exhibit infinite families of planar graphs with real chromatic roots arbitrarily close to 4, thus resolving a long-standing conjecture in the affirmative.

The only open case of Vizing's conjecture that every planar graph with $\Delta\geq 6$ is a class 1 graph is $\Delta = 6$. We give a short proof of the following statement: there is no 6-critical plane graph $G$, such that every vertex of…