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Why are white and black piano keys in an octave arranged as they are today? This article examines the relations between abstract algebra and key signature, scales, degrees, and keyboard configurations in general equal-temperament systems.…

历史与综述 · 数学 2016-12-06 Brandon Tingyeh Wu

This paper deals with the algebraic structure of the sequence of harmonics when combined with equal temperaments. Fractals and the golden ratio appear surprisingly on the way. The sequence of physical harmonics is an increasingly enumerable…

历史与综述 · 数学 2019-11-05 Maria Bras-Amorós

The mathematics of musical intervals and scales has been extensively studied. Vastly simplified, our ears seem to prefer intervals whose frequency ratios have small numerator and denominator, such as 2:1 (octave), 3:2 (perfect fifth), 4:3…

历史与综述 · 数学 2025-09-23 Matthias Beck , Emily Clader

A composition of a nonnegative integer (n) is a sequence of positive integers whose sum is (n). A composition is palindromic if it is unchanged when its terms are read in reverse order. We provide a generating function for the number of…

组合数学 · 数学 2007-05-23 Sergey Kitaev , Tyrrell B. McAllister , T. Kyle Petersen

In this article, for positive integers $n\geq m\geq 1$, the parameter spaces for the isomorphism classes of the generic point arrangements of cardinality $n$, and the antipodal point arrangements of cardinality $2n$ in the Eulidean space…

综合数学 · 数学 2021-02-23 C P Anil Kumar

While motivated by structural problems in mathematical music theory, this article introduces a novel combinatorial framework that advances the classification of cyclic cubic bipartite graphs. We extend the classical study of Levi graphs by…

组合数学 · 数学 2026-05-26 Paweł Nurowski

Prevalent neuroscientific theories are combined with acoustic observations from various studies to create a consistent geometric model for music perception in order to rationalize, explain and predict psycho-acoustic phenomena. The space of…

微分几何 · 数学 2022-12-07 Benjamin Himpel

Western music is predominantly based on the equal temperament with a constant semitone frequency ratio of $2^{1/12}$. Although this temperament has been in use since the 19th century and in spite of its high degree of symmetry, various…

科普物理 · 物理学 2015-11-17 Haye Hinrichsen

Many music theoretical constructs (such as scale types, modes, cadences, and chord types) are defined in terms of pitch intervals---relative distances between pitches. Therefore, when computer models are employed in music tasks, it can be…

声音 · 计算机科学 2019-02-05 Stefan Lattner , Maarten Grachten , Gerhard Widmer

We study classes of musical scales obtained from shift spaces in symbolic dynamics through the first symbol rule, which yields scales in any $n$-TET tuning system. The modes are thought as elements of orbit equivalence classes of cyclic…

动力系统 · 数学 2020-12-02 Ricardo Gómez Aíza

We apply geometric group theory to study and interpret known concepts from Western music. We show that chords, the circle of fifths, scales and certain aspects of the first species of counterpoint are encoded in the Cayley graph of the…

组合数学 · 数学 2024-02-13 Gabriel Picioroaga , Olivia Roberts

Monads in category theory are algebraic structures that can be used to model computational effects in programming languages. We show how the notion of "centre", and more generally "centrality", i.e. the property for an effect to commute…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2025-10-31 TItouan Carette , Louis Lemonnier , Vladimir Zamdzhiev

Equal temperament, in which semitones are tuned in the irrational ratio of $2^{1/12} : 1$, is best seen as a serviceable compromise, sacrificing purity for flexibility. Just intonation, in which intervals are given by products of powers of…

声音 · 计算机科学 2023-07-11 Jeffrey R. Boland , Lane P. Hughston

We demonstrate relationships between the classic Euclidean algorithm and many other fields of study, particularly in the context of music and distance geometry. Specifically, we show how the structure of the Euclidean algorithm defines a…

In classical music and in any genre of contemporary music, the tonal elements or notes used for playing are the same. The numerous possibilities of chords for a given instance in a piece make the playing, in general, very intricate, and…

声音 · 计算机科学 2022-06-14 Steve Mathew D A

We propose a geometric hypothesis for neutrino mixing: twice the sum of the three mixing angles equals $180^\circ$, forming a Euclidean triangle. This condition leads to a predictive relation among the mixing angles and, through…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2025-10-09 Mohammad Ful Hossain Seikh

We consider a notion of "numerosity" for sets of tuples of natural numbers, that satisfies the five common notions of Euclid's Elements, so it can agree with cardinality only for finite sets. By suitably axiomatizing such a notion, we show…

逻辑 · 数学 2017-12-19 Marco Forti , Giuseppe Morana Roccasalvo

Two subsets of $\mathbb{Z}_n$ are said to be homometric if they have the same multiset of pairwise cyclic (i.e., Lee) distances. Homometric subsets necessarily have the same cardinality, say $k$. In this paper, for all positive integers…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-06-16 William Q. Erickson , Nicholas B. Jones

Musical chords, harmonies or melodies in Just Intonation have note frequencies which are described by a base frequency multiplied by rational numbers. For any local section, these notes can be converted to some base frequency multiplied by…

声音 · 计算机科学 2017-01-25 David Ryan

Magnitude is a canonical invariant of finite metric spaces which has its origins in category theory; it is analogous to cardinality of finite sets. Here, by approximating certain compact subsets of Euclidean space with finite subsets, the…

度量几何 · 数学 2013-02-14 Tom Leinster , Simon Willerton
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