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We prove several results on coloring squares of planar graphs without 4-cycles. First, we show that if $G$ is such a graph, then $G^2$ is $(\Delta(G)+72)$-degenerate. This implies an upper bound of $\Delta(G)+73$ on the chromatic number of…

组合数学 · 数学 2021-10-06 Ilkyoo Choi , Daniel W. Cranston , Théo Pierron

The chromatic threshold delta_chi(H) of a graph H is the infimum of d>0 such that there exists C=C(H,d) for which every H-free graph G with minimum degree at least d|G| satisfies chi(G)<C. We prove that delta_chi(H) \in {(r-3)/(r-2),…

The strong chromatic number, $\chi_S(G)$, of an $n$-vertex graph $G$ is the smallest number $k$ such that after adding $k\lceil n/k\rceil-n$ isolated vertices to $G$ and considering {\bf any} partition of the vertices of the resulting graph…

组合数学 · 数学 2016-05-25 Maria Axenovich , Ryan R. Martin

A hereditary class of graphs $\mathcal{G}$ is \emph{$\chi$-bounded} if there exists a function $f$ such that every graph $G \in \mathcal{G}$ satisfies $\chi(G) \leq f(\omega(G))$, where $\chi(G)$ and $\omega(G)$ are the chromatic number and…

A total $k$-coloring of a graph $G$ is a coloring of $V(G)\cup E(G)$ using $k$ colors such that no two adjacent or incident elements receive the same color. The total chromatic number $\chi"(G)$ of $G$ is the smallest integer $k$ such that…

组合数学 · 数学 2021-12-28 Fan Yang , Jianliang Wu

For a graph $G$, the \emph{equitable chromatic number} of $G$, denoted by $\chi_e(G)$, is the smallest integer $k$ such that $G$ admits a proper $k$-coloring whose color classes differ in size by at most one. We prove that for every…

组合数学 · 数学 2026-04-08 Amir Nikabadi

Let $G$ be a graph and $R\subseteq V(G)$. A proper edge-coloring of a graph $G$ with colors $1,\ldots,t$ is called an $R$-sequential $t$-coloring if the edges incident to each vertex $v\in R$ are colored by the colors $1,\ldots,d_{G}(v)$,…

组合数学 · 数学 2014-01-07 Petros A. Petrosyan

The `Conflict-Free Open (Closed) Neighborhood coloring', abbreviated CFON (CFCN) coloring, of a graph $G$ using $r$ colors is a coloring of the vertices of $G$ such that every vertex sees some color exactly once in its open (closed)…

组合数学 · 数学 2021-12-24 Sriram Bhyravarapu , Subrahmanyam Kalyanasundaram , Rogers Mathew

Given a family of graphs $\mathcal{H}$, a graph $G$ is $\mathcal{H}$-free if any subset of $V(G)$ does not induce a subgraph of $G$ that is isomorphic to any graph in $\mathcal{H}$. We present sufficient and necessary conditions for a graph…

组合数学 · 数学 2023-03-07 Hany Ibrahim , Peter Tittmann

We prove that for any graph $G$ the (complex) zeros of its chromatic polynomial, $\chi_G(x)$, lie inside the disk centered at $0$ of radius $4.25 \Delta(G)$, where $\Delta(G)$ denotes the maximum degree of $G$. This improves on a recent…

组合数学 · 数学 2026-01-29 Ferenc Bencs , Guus Regts

We prove that if $G$ is a vertex critical graph with $\chi(G) \geq \Delta(G) + 1 - p \geq 4$ for some $p \in \mathbb{N}$ and $\omega(\fancy{H}(G)) \leq \frac{\chi(G) + 1}{p + 1} - 2$, then $G = K_{\chi(G)}$ or $G = O_5$. Here $\fancy{H}(G)$…

组合数学 · 数学 2012-09-19 Landon Rabern

The Borodin-Kostochka Conjecture states that for a graph $G$, if $\Delta(G)\geq9$, then $\chi(G)\leq\max\{\Delta(G)-1,\omega(G)\}$. We use $P_t$ and $C_t$ to denote a path and a cycle on $t$ vertices, respectively. Let…

组合数学 · 数学 2024-05-30 Ran Chen , Di Wu , Xiaowen Zhang

A coloring of the edges of a graph $G$ is strong if each color class is an induced matching of $G$. The strong chromatic index of $G$, denoted by $\chi_{s}^{\prime}(G)$, is the least number of colors in a strong edge coloring of $G$. In…

组合数学 · 数学 2016-08-11 Michał Dębski , Jarosław Grytczuk , Małgorzata Śleszyńska-Nowak

A class ${\cal G}$ of graphs is $\chi$-{\em polydet} if ${\cal G}$ has a polynomial binding function $f$ and there is a polynomial time algorithm to determine an $f(\omega(G))$-coloring of $G\in {\cal G}$. Let $P_t$ and $C_t$ denote a path…

组合数学 · 数学 2024-09-12 Ran Chen , Baogang Xu

Reed conjectured that for any graph $G$, $\chi(G) \leq \lceil \frac{\omega(G)+\Delta(G)+1}{2}\rceil$, where $\chi(G)$, $\omega(G)$, and $\Delta(G)$ respectively denote the chromatic number, the clique number and the maximum degree of $G$.…

离散数学 · 计算机科学 2012-10-30 Jean-Luc Fouquet , Jean-Marie Vanherpe

As proved by Kahn, the chromatic number and fractional chromatic number of a line graph agree asymptotically. That is, for any line graph $G$ we have $\chi(G) \leq (1+o(1))\chi_f(G)$. We extend this result to quasi-line graphs, an important…

离散数学 · 计算机科学 2011-02-07 Andrew D. King , Bruce Reed

Reed's $\omega$, $\Delta$, $\chi$ conjecture proposes that every graph satisfies $\chi\leq \lceil\frac 12(\Delta+1+\omega)\rceil$; it is known to hold for all claw-free graphs. In this paper we consider a local strengthening of this…

离散数学 · 计算机科学 2011-11-30 Maria Chudnovsky , Andrew D. King , Matthieu Plumettaz , Paul Seymour

A strong edge-coloring of a graph $G$ is an edge-coloring such that no two edges of distance at most two receive the same color. The strong chromatic index $\chi'_s(G)$ is the minimum number of colors in a strong edge-coloring of $G$. P.…

组合数学 · 数学 2015-10-06 Chuanyun Zang

Reed [J.~Comb.~Theory B, 1999] showed that graphs of maximum degree $\Delta \geq 10^{14}$ without $\Delta$-cliques are $(\Delta-1)$-colorable. We design a one-pass semi-streaming algorithm for computing such a coloring. Additionally, we…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2026-05-11 Maxime Flin , Magnús M. Halldórsson

A graph G is (a:b)-colorable if there exists an assignment of b-element subsets of {1,...,a} to vertices of G such that sets assigned to adjacent vertices are disjoint. We first show that for every triangle-free planar graph G and a vertex…

组合数学 · 数学 2018-09-17 Zdeněk Dvořák , Xiaolan Hu