相关论文: Gapped Domain Walls, Gapped Boundaries and Topolog…
The 2+1D topological order can be characterized by the mapping-class-group representations for Riemann surfaces of genus-1, genus-2, etc. In this paper, we use those representations to determine the possible gapped boundaries of a 2+1D…
We give a mathematical definition of a gapped domain wall between topological phases and a gapped boundary of a topological phase. We then provide answers to some recent questions studied by Lan, Wang and Wen in condensed matter physics…
The structure of extrinsic defects in topologically ordered states of matter is host to a rich set of universal physics. Extrinsic defects in 2+1 dimensional topological states include line-like defects, such as boundaries between…
Defects between gapped boundaries provide a possible physical realization of projective non-abelian braid statistics. A notable example is the projective Majorana/parafermion braid statistics of boundary defects in fractional quantum…
Domain walls between different topological phases are one of the most interesting phenomena that reveal the non-trivial bulk properties of topological phases. Very recently, gapped domain walls between different topological phases have been…
This paper introduces a novel systematic construction of gapped domain walls (GDWs) within the Levin-Wen (LW) model. By gluing two LW models along their open sides in a compatible way, we achieve a complete GDW classification by subsets of…
We use the Symmetry Topological Field Theory (SymTFT) to systematically characterize gapped phases in 2+1 dimensions with categorical symmetries. The SymTFTs that we consider are (3+1)d Dijkgraaf-Witten (DW) theories for finite groups $G$,…
Given a gapped boundary of a (3+1)d topological order (TO), one can stack on it a decoupled (2+1)d TO to get another boundary theory. Should one view these two boundaries as "different"? A natural choice would be no. Different classes of…
We investigate domain walls between topologically ordered phases in two spatial dimensions and present a simple but general framework from which their degrees of freedom can be understood. The approach we present exploits the results on…
Gravitational anomalies can be realized on the boundary of topologically ordered states in one higher dimension and are described by topological orders in one higher dimension. In this paper, we try to develop a general theory for both…
We introduce the concept of boundary degeneracy of topologically ordered states on a compact orientable spatial manifold with boundaries, and emphasize that the boundary degeneracy provides richer information than the bulk degeneracy.…
A realistic material may possess defects, which often bring the material new properties that have practical applications. The boundary defects of a two-dimensional topologically ordered system are thought of as an alternative way of…
In this paper we propose the most general classification of point-like and line-like extrinsic topological defects in (2+1)-dimensional Abelian topological states. We first map generic extrinsic defects to boundary defects, and then provide…
Some interfaces between two different topologically ordered systems can be gapped. In earlier work it has been shown that such gapped interfaces can themselves be effective one dimensional topological systems that possess localized…
The standard boundary state of a topological insulator in 3+1 dimensions has gapless charged fermions. We present model systems that reproduce this standard gapless boundary state in one phase, but also have gapped phases with topological…
Transitions between different topologically ordered phases have been studied by artificially creating boundaries between these gapped phases and thus studying their effects relating to condensation and tunneling of particles from one phase…
We extend the twisted gauge theory model of topological orders in three spatial dimensions to the case where the three spaces have two dimensional boundaries. We achieve this by systematically constructing the boundary Hamiltonians that are…
Gapped phases with long-range entanglement may admit gapped boundaries. If the boundary is gapped, the ground-state degeneracy is well-defined and can be computed using methods of Topological Quantum Field Theory. We derive a general…
Topological domain walls separating 2+1 dimensional topologically ordered phases can be understood in terms of Witt equivalences between the UMTCs describing anyons in the bulk topological orders. However, this picture does not provide a…
Fracton phases exhibit striking behavior which appears to render them beyond the standard topological quantum field theory (TQFT) paradigm for classifying gapped quantum matter. Here, we explore fracton phases from the perspective of defect…