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Contrary to the decades-old understanding, SGn, the Sine-Gordon equation in (1+n) dimensions, has N-soliton solutions for any N >= 1, not only for n = 1, but also for n = 2 and 3. While SG1 solitons are confined to a line, SG2- and…
The (1+1)-dimensional Sine-Gordon equation passes integrability tests commonly applied to nonlinear evolution equations. Its soliton solutions are obtained by a Hirota algorithm. In higher space-dimensions, the equation does not pass these…
The Sine-Gordon equation is integrable in (1+1)-dimensional Minkowski and in 2-dimensional Euclidean spaces. In each case, it has a Lax pair, and a Hirota algorithm generates its N soliton solutions for all N greater than or equal to 1. The…
Despite the fact that it is not integrable, the 1 + 2-dimensional Sine-Gordon equation has N-soliton solutions, whose velocities are lower than the speed of light (c = 1), for all N greater than or equal to 1. Based on these solutions, a…
Contrary to the common understanding, the Sine-Gordon equation in (1+2) dimensions does have N-soliton solutions for any N. The Hirota algorithm allows for the construction of static N-soliton solutions (i.e., solutions that do not depend…
We derive exact solutions to the sine--Gordon equation describing localized structures on the background of librational and rotational travelling waves. In the case of librational waves, the exact solution represents a localized spike in…
Some aspects of two-dimensional gravity coupled to matter fields, especially to the Sine-Gordon-model are examined. General properties and boundary conditions of possible soliton-solutions are considered. Analytic soliton-solutions are…
We study soliton solutions to the Klein-Gordon equation via Lie symmetries and the travelling-wave ansatz. It is shown, by taking a linear combination of the spatial and temporal Lie point symmetries, that soliton solutions naturally exist,…
The Hirota transformation for the soliton solutions of the classical Sine-Gordon equation is suggestive of an extremely simple way for the construction of a nonlinear quantum-dynamical system of spin 1/2 particles that is equivalent to the…
Inspired by the well known sine-Gordon equation, we present a symmetric coupled system of two real scalar fields in $1+1$ dimensions. There are three different topological soliton solutions which be labelled according to their topological…
We study the Klein-Gordon equation in one spatial and one temporal dimension. Physically, this equation describes the wave function of a relativistic spinless boson with positive rest mass. Mathematically, this is the most elementary…
Ultracold condensates provide a unique platform for exploring soliton physics. Motivated by the recent experiments realizing the sine-Gordon model in a split one-dimensional (1D) BEC, we demonstrate that this system naturally supports…
The sine-Gordon equation is a nonlinear partial differential equation. It is known that the sine-Gordon has soliton solutions in the 1D and 2D cases, but such solutions are not known to exist in the 3D case. Several numerical solutions to…
In this paper we present a new extended complex nonlinear Klein-Gordon Lagrangian density, which bears a single non-topological soliton solution with a specific rest frequency $\omega_{s}$ in $1+1$ dimensions. There is a proper term in the…
The equations of motion for $N$ non-relativistic particles attracting according to Newton's law are shown to correspond to the equations for null geodesics in a $(3N+2)$-dimensional Lorentzian, Ricci-flat, spacetime with a covariantly…
We construct the soliton solutions in the symmetric space sine-Gordon theories. The latter are a series of integrable field theories in 1+1-dimensions which are associated to a symmetric space F/G, and are related via the Pohlmeyer…
The Euclidean analogues of the sine-Gordon solitons are used as sources of the heterotic fivebrane solutions in the ten-dimensional heterotic string theory. Some properties of these soliton solutions are discussed. These solitons in…
Given a nonlinear evolution equation in (1+n) dimensions, which has spatially extended traveling wave solutions, it can be extended into a system of two coupled equations, one of which generates the original traveling waves, and the other…
A dynamics of spatially extended particles, hidden in the dynamics of line solitons in more than one space dimension, is revealed through conservation laws obeyed by the single-soliton solution. These are functions of the solution of a…
With the idea to find geometric formulations of particle physics we investigate the predictions of a three dimensional generalisation of the Sine-Gordon model, very close to the Skyrme model and to the Wu-Yang description of Dirac…