相关论文: Checking election outcome accuracy Post-election a…

We compare and contrast fourteen measures that have been proposed for the purpose of quantifying partisan gerrymandering. We consider measures that, rather than examining the shapes of districts, utilize only the partisan vote distribution…

Risk-limiting audits (RLAs) for many social choice functions can be reduced to testing sets of null hypotheses of the form "the average of this list is not greater than 1/2" for a collection of finite lists of nonnegative numbers. Such…

This paper addresses the problem of estimating the containment and similarity between two sets using only random samples from each set, without relying on sketches of full sets. The study introduces a binomial model for predicting the…

Stochastic optimization problems often involve the expectation in its objective. When risk is incorporated in the problem description as well, then risk measures have to be involved in addition to quantify the acceptable risk, often in the…

Statistical inference of multiple parameters often involves a preliminary parameter selection stage. The selection stage has an impact on subsequent estimation, for example by introducing a selection bias. The post-selection maximum…

Matched case-control studies are commonly employed in epidemiological research for their convenience and efficiency. Analysis of secondary outcomes can yield valuable insights into biological pathways and help identify genetic variants of…

When testing for superiority in a parallel-group setting with a continuous outcome, adjusting for covariates (e.g., baseline measurements) is usually recommended, in order to reduce bias and increase power. For this purpose, the analysis of…

Confidence measures for the generalization error are crucial when small training samples are used to construct classifiers. A common approach is to estimate the generalization error by resampling and then assume the resampled estimator…

We develop methodology for valid inference after variable selection in logistic regression when the responses are partially observed, that is, when one observes a set of error-prone testing outcomes instead of the true values of the…

We describe a modified sequential probability ratio test that can be used to reduce the average sample size required to perform statistical hypothesis tests at specified levels of significance and power. Examples are provided for $z$ tests,…

In a general setting, we study a posteriori estimates used in finite element analysis to measure the error between a solution and its approximation. The latter is not necessarily generated by a finite element method. We show that the error…

The paper deals with measures of nonlinearity. In state estimation, they are utilized i) to select a suitable state estimation algorithm by assessing the nonlinearity of a system model, ii) to adapt the estimation algorithm structure or…

Given two populations from which independent binary observations are taken with parameters $p_1$ and $p_2$ respectively, estimators are proposed for the relative risk $p_1/p_2$, the odds ratio $p_1(1-p_2)/(p_2(1-p_1))$ and their logarithms.…

Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trials (SMARTs) are considered the gold standard for estimation and evaluation of treatment regimes. SMARTs are typically sized to ensure sufficient power for a simple comparison, e.g., the…

When developing a clinical prediction model, the sample size of the development dataset is a key consideration. Small sample sizes lead to greater concerns of overfitting, instability, poor performance and lack of fairness. Previous…

Randomized controlled trials generate experimental variation that can credibly identify causal effects, but often suffer from limited scale, while observational datasets are large, but often violate desired identification assumptions. To…

A method is described, which computes from an observed sample of events upper limits for production rates of particles, or, in case of appearance of a signal, the probability for an upwards fluctuation of the background. For any candidate,…

It is a common contention that it is an ``impossible mission'' to exactly determine the minimum sample size for the estimation of a binomial parameter with prescribed margin of error and confidence level. In this paper, we investigate such…

An election audit is risk-limiting if the audit limits (to a pre-specified threshold) the chance that an erroneous electoral outcome will be certified. Extant methods for auditing instant-runoff voting (IRV) elections are either not…

We consider the problem of deciding on sampling strategy, in particular sampling design. We propose a risk measure, whose minimizing value guides the choice. The method makes use of a superpopulation model and takes into account uncertainty…