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We consider combinatorial maps with fixed combinatorial knot numbered with augmenting numeration called normalized knot. We show that knot's normalization doesn't affect combinatorial map what concerns its generality. Knot's normalization…

组合数学 · 数学 2010-10-14 Dainis Zeps

The present paper is a review of the current state of Graph-Link Theory (graph-links are also closely related to homotopy classes of looped interlacement graphs), dealing with a generalisation of knots obtained by translating the…

几何拓扑 · 数学 2010-01-05 Denis Petrovich Ilyutko , Vassily Olegovich Manturov

We utilize relations between Khovanov and chromatic graph homology to determine extreme Khovanov groups and corresponding coefficients of the Jones polynomial. The extent to which chromatic homology and chromatic polynomial can be used to…

几何拓扑 · 数学 2020-03-12 Radmila Sazdanovic , Daniel Scofield

Three new knot invariants are defined using cocycles of the generalized quandle homology theory that was proposed by Andruskiewitsch and Gra\~na. We specialize that theory to the case when there is a group action on the coefficients. First,…

几何拓扑 · 数学 2007-05-23 J. Scott Carter , Mohamed Elhamdadi , Matias Graña , Masahico Saito

We classify graphs that are 0, 1, or 2 edges short of being complete partite graphs with respect to intrinsic linking and intrinsic knotting. In addition, we classify intrinsic knotting of graphs on 8 vertices. For graphs in these families,…

几何拓扑 · 数学 2007-05-23 Thomas W. Mattman , Ryan Ottman , Matt Rodrigues

We introduce topological invariants of knots and braid conjugacy classes, in the form of differential graded algebras, and present an explicit combinatorial formulation for these invariants. The algebras conjecturally give the relative…

几何拓扑 · 数学 2014-11-11 Lenhard Ng

While knotoids on the sphere are well-understood by a variety of invariants, knotoids on the plane have proven more subtle to classify due to their multitude over knotoids on the sphere and a lack of invariants that detect a diagram's…

几何拓扑 · 数学 2024-07-11 Mohamed Elhamdadi , Wout Moltmaker , Masahico Saito

This is a short review article on invariants of spatial graphs, written for "A Concise Encyclopedia of Knot Theory" (ed. Adams et. al.). The emphasis is on combinatorial and polynomial invariants of spatial graphs, including the Alexander…

几何拓扑 · 数学 2018-12-24 Blake Mellor

An invariant of knots is constructed from an integral for geometric braids due to Kohno and Kontsevich. It takes values in a quotient by a certain ideal of the algebra generated by chord diagrams over the circle.

q-alg · 数学 2008-02-03 Roger Picken

We use planar 4-valent graphs and a graphical calculus involving such graphs to construct an invariant for balanced-oriented, knotted 4-valent graphs. Our invariant is an extension of the $sl(n)$ polynomial for classical knots and links. We…

几何拓扑 · 数学 2026-02-03 Carmen Caprau , Victoria Wiest

We provide a way to produce knots in $S^3$ from signed chord diagrams, and prove that every knot can be produced in this way. Using these diagrams, we generalize the fundamental theorem of finite type invariants. We also provide moves for…

几何拓扑 · 数学 2018-07-02 Cole Hugelmeyer

Using computer calculations and working with representatives of pretzel tangles we established general adequacy criteria for different classes of knots and links. Based on adequate graphs obtained from all Kauffman states of an alternating…

几何拓扑 · 数学 2008-11-04 Slavik Jablan

We introduce and study so-called self-indexed graphs. These are (oriented) finite graphs endowed with a map from the set of edges to the set of vertices. Such graphs naturally arise from classical knot and link diagrams. In fact, the graphs…

几何拓扑 · 数学 2007-05-23 Matias Graña , Vladimir Turaev

We inductively define layers of colorings of knot and knotted surface diagrams using ternary quasigroups. Homological invariants from such systems of colorings use shorter differentials and of higher degree than the standard homology…

几何拓扑 · 数学 2019-03-27 Maciej Niebrzydowski

The homology and cohomology of quandles and racks are used in knot theory: given a finite quandle and a cocycle, we can construct a knot invariant. This is a quick introductory survey to the invariants of knots derived from quandles and…

几何拓扑 · 数学 2007-05-23 Seiichi Kamada

We define two new families of invariants for (3-manifold, graph) pairs which detect the unknot and are additive under connected sum of pairs and (-1/2)-additive under trivalent vertex sum of pairs. The first of these families is closely…

几何拓扑 · 数学 2018-10-03 Scott A. Taylor , Maggy Tomova

We describe recent achievements in the theory of weight systems, which are functions on chord diagrams satisfying so-called $4$-term relations. Our main attention is devoted to constructions of weight systems. The two main sources of these…

组合数学 · 数学 2023-02-24 Maxim Kazaryan , Sergei Lando

The neighborhood degree list (NDL) is a graph invariant that refines information given by the degree sequence and joint degree matrix of a graph and is useful in distinguishing graphs having the same degree sequence. We show that the space…

组合数学 · 数学 2019-09-17 Michael D. Barrus , Elizabeth Donovan

Aperture synthesis observations with full polarisation have long been used to study the magnetic fields of synchrotron emitting sources. Recently proposed closure invariants give us a powerful method for extracting information from measured…

天体物理仪器与方法 · 物理学 2024-07-02 Vinay Kumar , Rajaram Nityananda , Joseph Samuel

In this report, I will start by first giving a brief introduction on knots to build some intuition before beginning the more rigorous review in the Literature Review section. There, I will define knot equivalence, the Jones polynomial…

几何拓扑 · 数学 2022-02-15 Matthew Stevens