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Level 3 automated driving systems (ADS) have attracted significant attention and are being commercialized. A Level 3 ADS prompts the driver to take control by requesting to intervene (RtI) when its operational design domain (ODD) or system…

Level 3 automated vehicles (AVs) issue a request to intervene (RtI) when the automated driving system approaches its system limitations. Although this takeover transition is safety-critical, it is usually invisible to surrounding manually…

Each year, over half of global traffic fatalities involve vulnerable road users (e.g. pedestrians), often due to human error. Level-5 automated driving systems (ADSs) could reduce driver errors contributing to pedestrian accidents, though…

It is essential to help drivers have appropriate understandings of level 2 automated driving systems for keeping driving safety. A human machine interface (HMI) was proposed to present real time results of image recognition by the automated…

As the automotive world moves toward higher levels of driving automation, Level 3 automated driving represents a critical juncture. In Level 3 driving, vehicles can drive alone under limited conditions, but drivers are expected to be ready…

As vehicle automation technology continues to mature, there is a necessity for robust remote monitoring and intervention features. These are essential for intervening during vehicle malfunctions, challenging road conditions, or in areas…

High level Automated Driving Systems (ADS) can handle many situations, but they still encounter situations where human intervention is required. In systems where a physical driver is present in the vehicle, typically SAE Level 3 systems,…

Existing Autonomous Driving Systems (ADS) independently make driving decisions, but they face two significant limitations. First, in complex scenarios, ADS may misinterpret the environment and make inappropriate driving decisions. Second,…

Level 3 automated driving systems allows drivers to engage in secondary tasks while diminishing their perception of risk. In the event of an emergency necessitating driver intervention, the system will alert the driver with a limited window…

Remote driving of vehicles is gaining in importance in the transportation sector, especially when Automated Driving Systems (ADSs) reach the limits of their system boundaries. This study investigates the challenges faced by human Remote…

Recent advances in AI and intelligent vehicle technology hold promise to revolutionize mobility and transportation, in the form of advanced driving assistance (ADAS) interfaces. Although it is widely recognized that certain cognitive…

Compared to a manual driving vehicle (MV), an automated driving vehicle lacks a way to communicate with the pedestrian through the driver when it interacts with the pedestrian because the driver usually does not participate in driving…

In conditional automation, a response from the driver is expected when a take over request is issued due to unexpected events, emergencies, or reaching the operational design domain boundaries. Cooperation between the automated driving…

Public distrust of self-driving cars is growing. Studies emphasize the need for interpreting the behavior of these vehicles to passengers to promote trust in autonomous systems. Interpreters can enhance trust by improving transparency and…

Prior to realizing fully autonomous driving, human intervention will be required periodically to guarantee vehicle safety. This fact poses a new challenge in human-machine interaction, particularly during control authority transition from…

Current invasive assistive technologies are designed to infer high-dimensional motor control signals from severely paralyzed patients. However, they face significant challenges, including public acceptance, limited longevity, and barriers…

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) offer new opportunities to create natural language interfaces for Autonomous Driving Systems (ADSs), moving beyond rigid inputs. This paper addresses the challenge of mapping the…

This study investigates the impact of initial contact of drivers with an SAE Level 3 Automated Driving System (ADS) under real traffic conditions, focusing on the Mercedes-Benz Drive Pilot in the EQS. It examines Acceptance, Trust,…

During the use of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), drivers can intervene in the active function and take back control due to various reasons. However, the specific reasons for driver-initiated takeovers in naturalistic driving are…

Many car accidents are caused by human distractions, including cognitive distractions. In-vehicle human-machine interfaces (HMIs) have evolved throughout the years, providing more and more functions. Interaction with the HMIs can, however,…