相关论文: Algebras, Entanglement Islands, and Observers

We consider the algebra of observables of perturbative quantum gravity in the exterior of a stationary black hole or the static patch of de Sitter spacetime. It was previously argued that the backreaction of gravitons on the spacetime…

It was recently shown that the von Neumann algebras of observables dressed to the mass of a Schwarzschild-AdS black hole or an observer in de Sitter are Type II, and thus admit well-defined traces. The von Neumann entropies of…

There has been much recent interest in the necessity of an observer degree of freedom in the description of local algebras in semiclassical gravity. In this work, we describe an example where the observer can be constructed intrinsically…

We describe an algebra of observables for a static patch in de Sitter space, with operators gravitationally dressed to the worldline of an observer. The algebra is a von Neumann algebra of Type II$_1$. There is a natural notion of entropy…

In quantum gravity, physically meaningful operator is required to be invariant under the diffeomorphisms. Such gauge invariant operator is typically given by the relational observable, the operator localized in relation to some background…

We review recent developments in the use of von Neumann algebras to analyze the entanglement structure of quantum gravity and the emergence of spacetime in the semi-classical limit. Von Neumann algebras provide a natural framework for…

Defining gravitational subsystems has long been challenging due to the lack of the conventional notion of locality in gravity. In this work, we define gravitational subsystems from the observable spacetime subregions of a set of…

We consider quantum algebras of observables associated with subregions in theories of Einstein gravity coupled to matter in the $G_N\rightarrow 0$ limit. When the subregion is spatially compact or encompasses an asymptotic boundary, we…

In ordinary gravitational theories, any local bulk operator in an entanglement wedge is accompanied by a long-range gravitational dressing that extends to the asymptotic part of the wedge. Islands are the only known examples of entanglement…

This paper explores construction of gauge (diffeomorphism)-invariant observables in anti de Sitter (AdS) space and the related question of how to find a "holographic map" providing a quantum equivalence to a boundary theory. Observables are…

We explore nonequilibrium features of certain operator algebras which appear in quantum gravity. The algebra of observables in a black hole background is a Type $\mathrm{II}_\infty$ von Neumann algebra. We discuss how this algebra can be…

This letter explores a transition in the type of von Neumann algebra for asymptotically AdS spacetimes from the implementations of the different gravitational constraints. We denote it as the \emph{centaur-algebra} of observables. In the…

Multiple lines of evidence suggest that the Hilbert space of an isolated de Sitter universe is one dimensional but can appear larger when probed by a gravitating observer. To test this idea, we compute the von Neumann entropy of a field…

We reformulate entanglement wedge reconstruction in the language of operator-algebra quantum error correction with infinite-dimensional physical and code Hilbert spaces. Von Neumann algebras are used to characterize observables in a…

We discuss the algebra of operators in AdS-Rinlder wedge, particularly in AdS$_{5}$/CFT$_{4}$. We explicitly construct the algebra at $N=\infty$ limit and discuss its Type III$_{1}$ nature. We will consider $1/N$ corrections to the theory…

Entanglement islands have played a key role in the recent derivation of the Page curve and other progress on the black hole information problem. Arising from the inclusion of connected wormhole saddles in a gravitational replica trick,…

This paper investigates the challenges and resolutions in computing the entanglement entropy for the quantum field theory coupled to de Sitter (dS) gravity along a timelike boundary. The conventional island formula, originally designed to…

We study the kinematics and dynamics of subregion algebras in classical and perturbative quantum gravity associated with portions of null surfaces such as event horizons and finite causal diamonds. We construct half-sided supertranslation…

Linear observed systems on groups encode the geometry of a variety of practical state estimation problems. In this paper, we propose an observer framework for a class of linear observed systems by restricting a bi-invariant system on a Lie…

Double holography offers a profound understanding of the island formula by describing a gravitational system on AdS$_d$ coupled to a conformal field theory on $\mathbb{R}^{1,d-1}$, dual to an AdS$_{d+1}$ spacetime with an end-of-the-world…