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For large $n$ we determine exactly the maximum numbers of induced $C_4$ and $C_5$ subgraphs that a planar graph on $n$ vertices can contain. We show that $K_{2,n-2}$ uniquely achieves this maximum in the $C_4$ case, and we identify the…

组合数学 · 数学 2021-09-29 Michael Savery

Finding the maximum number of induced cycles of length $k$ in a graph on $n$ vertices has been one of the most intriguing open problems of Extremal Graph Theory. Recently Balogh, Hu, Lidick\'{y} and Pfender answered the question in the case…

组合数学 · 数学 2021-09-09 Debarun Ghosh , Ervin Győri , Oliver Janzer , Addisu Paulos , Nika Salia , Oscar Zamora

Let $C(n)$ denote the maximum number of induced copies of 5-cycles in graphs on $n$ vertices. For $n$ large enough, we show that $C(n)=a\cdot b\cdot c \cdot d \cdot e + C(a)+C(b)+C(c)+C(d)+C(e)$, where $a+b+c+d+e = n$ and $a,b,c,d,e$ are as…

组合数学 · 数学 2016-12-16 József Balogh , Ping Hu , Bernard Lidický , Florian Pfender

There are two particular $\Theta_6$-graphs - the 6-cycle graphs with a diagonal. We find the planar Tur\'an number of each of them, i.e. the maximum number of edges in a planar graph $G$ of $n$ vertices not containing the given $\Theta_6$…

组合数学 · 数学 2024-07-01 David Guan , Ervin Győri , Diep Luong-Le , Felicia Wang , Mengyuan Yang

We determine the maximum number of induced cycles that can be contained in a graph on $n\ge n_0$ vertices, and show that there is a unique graph that achieves this maximum. This answers a question of Tuza. We also determine the maximum…

组合数学 · 数学 2017-04-13 Natasha Morrison , Alex Scott

For a fixed planar graph $H$, let $\operatorname{\mathbf{N}}_{\mathcal{P}}(n,H)$ denote the maximum number of copies of $H$ in an $n$-vertex planar graph. In the case when $H$ is a cycle, the asymptotic value of…

组合数学 · 数学 2021-06-08 Christopher Cox , Ryan R. Martin

In the 1960s, Erd\H{o}s and his cooperators initiated the research of the maximum numbers of edges in a graph or a planar graph on $n$ vertices without $k$ edge-disjoint cycles. This problem had been solved for $k\leq4$. As pointed out by…

组合数学 · 数学 2022-07-21 Zhai Mingqing , Liu Muhuo

A planar 3-connected graph $G$ is called \emph{essentially $4$-connected} if, for every 3-separator $S$, at least one of the two components of $G-S$ is an isolated vertex. Jackson and Wormald proved that the length $\mathop{\rm…

组合数学 · 数学 2019-11-19 Igor Fabrici , Jochen Harant , Samuel Mohr , Jens M. Schmidt

In 1979, Hakimi and Schmeichel considered the problem of maximizing the number of cycles of a given length in an $n$-vertex planar graph. They precisely determined the maximum number of triangles and $4$-cycles and presented a conjecture…

组合数学 · 数学 2022-12-06 Ervin Győri , Addisu Paulos , Nika Salia , Casey Tompkins , Oscar Zamora

A planar graph is essentially $4$-connected if it is 3-connected and every of its 3-separators is the neighborhood of a single vertex. Jackson and Wormald proved that every essentially 4-connected planar graph $G$ on $n$ vertices contains a…

组合数学 · 数学 2019-12-09 Igor Fabrici , Jochen Harant , Samuel Mohr , Jens M. Schmidt

We show that every $n$-vertex $5$-connected planar triangulation has at most $9n-50$ many cycles of length $5$ for all $n\ge 20$ and this upper bound is tight. We also show that for every $k\geq 6$, there exists some constant $C(k)$ such…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-08-08 Gyaneshwar Agrahari , Xiaonan Liu , Zhiyu Wang

Hakimi and Schmeichel determined a sharp lower bound for the number of cycles of length 4 in a maximal planar graph with $n$ vertices, $n\geq 5$. It has been shown that the bound is sharp for $n = 5,12$ and $n\geq 14$ vertices. However, the…

组合数学 · 数学 2023-06-08 Ervin Győri , Addisu Paulos , Oscar Zamora

For planar graphs, it is well known that high connectivity implies a Hamiltonian cycle and hence any 4-connected planar graph has a near-perfect matching. Nevertheless, whether 6-connected 1-planar graphs admit near-perfect matchings…

组合数学 · 数学 2026-02-06 Licheng Zhang Yuanqiu Huang Zhangdong Ouyang

We determine the maximum number of induced copies of a 5-cycle in a graph on $n$ vertices for every $n$. Every extremal construction is a balanced iterated blow-up of the 5-cycle with the possible exception of the smallest level where for…

组合数学 · 数学 2026-02-17 Bernard Lidický , Connor Mattes , Florian Pfender

In this paper, we show that every planar graph without $4$-cycles and $6$-cycles has a partition of its vertex set into two sets, where one set induces a forest, and the other induces a forest with maximum degree at most $2$ (equivalently,…

组合数学 · 数学 2022-03-15 Pongpat Sittitrai , Kittikorn Nakprasit

Tutte proved that every 4-connected planar graph contains a Hamilton cycle, but there are 3-connected $n$-vertex planar graphs whose longest cycles have length $\Theta(n^{\log_32})$. On the other hand, Jackson and Wormald in 1992 proved…

组合数学 · 数学 2020-03-24 Michael Wigal , Xingxing Yu

The Erd\H{o}s Pentagon problem asks to find an $n$-vertex triangle-free graph that is maximizing the number of $5$-cycles. The problem was solved using flag algebras by Grzesik and independently by Hatami, Hladk\'{y}, Kr\'{a}l', Norin, and…

组合数学 · 数学 2022-05-03 Bernard Lidický , Kyle Murphy

For a planar graph $H$, let $\operatorname{\mathbf{N}}_{\mathcal P}(n,H)$ denote the maximum number of copies of $H$ in an $n$-vertex planar graph. In this paper, we prove that $\operatorname{\mathbf{N}}_{\mathcal P}(n,P_7)\sim{4\over…

组合数学 · 数学 2022-04-20 Christopher Cox , Ryan R. Martin

We resolve a conjecture of Cox and Martin by determining asymptotically for every $k\ge 2$ the maximum number of copies of $C_{2k}$ in an $n$-vertex planar graph.

组合数学 · 数学 2022-06-09 Zequn Lv , Ervin Győri , Zhen He , Nika Salia , Casey Tompkins , Xiutao Zhu

In this paper we estimate the planar Tur\'an number $\mathrm{ex}_\mathcal{P}(n,H)$ of some graphs $H$, i.e., the maximum number of edges in a planar graph $G$ of $n$ vertices not containing $H$ as a subgraph. We give a new, short proof when…

组合数学 · 数学 2022-08-31 Ervin Győri , Xianzhi Wang , Zeyu Zheng
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