相关论文: Problem of Time and Background Independence: class…
We introduce an algebraic concept of the frame for abstract conditional independence (CI) models, together with basic operations with respect to which such a frame should be closed: copying and marginalization. Three standard examples of…
This letter investigates the Lie point symmetries and conserved quantities of the Lagrangian systems on time scales, which unify the Lie symmetries of the two cases for the continuous and the discrete Lagrangian systems. By defining the…
We propose a history state formalism for a Dirac particle. By introducing a reference quantum clock system it is first shown that Dirac's equation can be derived by enforcing a timeless Wheeler-DeWitt-like equation for a global state. The…
We revisit the results on admissible transformations between normal linear systems of second-order ordinary differential equations with an arbitrary number of dependent variables under several appropriate gauges of the arbitrary elements…
In this paper, we set forth a new vision of reinforcement learning developed by us over the past few years, one that yields mathematically rigorous solutions to longstanding important questions that have remained unresolved: (i) how to…
In this paper, we present the results of our investigation relating particle dynamics and non-commutativity of space-time by using Dirac's constraint analysis. In this study, we re-parameterise the time $t=t(\tau)$ along with $x=x(\tau)$…
A Dirac structure is a Lagrangian subbundle of a Courant algebroid, $L\subset\mathbb{E}$, which is involutive with respect to the Courant bracket. In particular, $L$ inherits the structure of a Lie algebroid. In this paper, we introduce the…
We study the theory of systems with constraints from the point of view of the formal theory of partial differential equations. For finite-dimensional systems we show that the Dirac algorithm completes the equations of motion to an…
A theorem of Lurie and Pridham establishes a correspondence between formal moduli problems and differential graded Lie algebras in characteristic zero, thereby formalising a well-known principle in deformation theory. We introduce a variant…
In the generalized Hamiltonian formalism by Dirac, the method of constructing the generator of local-symmetry transformations for systems with first- and second-class constraints (without restrictions on the algebra of constraints) is…
Graded modalities have been proposed in recent work on programming languages as a general framework for refining type systems with intensional properties. In particular, continuous endomaps of the discrete time scale, or time warps, can be…
In this note, we describe how the study of backgrounds for general quantum systems can be formulated in terms of the representation theory of abstract $C^*$ algebras. We illustrate our general framework through two example systems:…
We propose a procedure which allows one to construct local symmetry generators of general quadratic Lagrangian theory. Manifest recurrence relations for generators in terms of so-called structure matrices of the Dirac formalism are…
In the framework of the generalized Hamiltonian formalism by Dirac, the local symmetries of dynamical systems with first- and second-class constraints are investigated in the general case without restrictions on the algebra of constraints.…
Previous work in the literature has studied the Hamiltonian structure of an R-squared model of gravity with torsion in a closed Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe. Within the framework of Dirac's theory, torsion is found to lead to a…
Temporal Relationalism (TR) is that there is no time for the universe as a whole at the primary level. Time emerges rather at a secondary level; one compelling idea for this is Mach's `time is to be abstracted from change'. TR leads to, and…
We present Lilac, a separation logic for reasoning about probabilistic programs where separating conjunction captures probabilistic independence. Inspired by an analogy with mutable state where sampling corresponds to dynamic allocation, we…
Let $G$ be a connected reductive group acting on a complex vector space $V$ and projective space ${\mathbb P}V$. Let $x\in V$ and ${\cal H}\subseteq {\cal G}$ be the Lie algebra of its stabilizer. Our objective is to understand points…
We analyze a structure of the singular Lagrangian $L$ with first and second class constraints of an arbitrary stage. We show that there exist an equivalent Lagrangian (called the extended Lagrangian $\tilde L$) that generates all the…
This paper proposes a new theoretical perspective for studying the Hodge conjecture through an analytical framework based on constraint geometry. Our theory begins with a key observation: in compatible pair Spencer theory, a "differential…