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A mixed graph is a set of vertices together with an edge set and an arc set. An $(m,n)$-mixed graph $G$ is a mixed graph whose edges are each assigned one of $m$ colours, and whose arcs are each assigned one of $n$ colours. A \emph{switch}…

组合数学 · 数学 2023-06-22 Richard C Brewster , Arnott Kidner , Gary MacGillivray

It was conjectured by Steinberg in 1976 that planar graphs without cycles of length 4 or 5 are 3-colorable. This conjecture attracted a substantial amount of attention and was finally refuted by Cohen-Addad, Hebdige, Kr\'{a}l', Li and…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-11-18 Xiaoyan Xu , Xuding Zhu

Let $G$ be a graph such that each edge has its list of available colors, and assume that each list is a subset of the common set consisting of $k$ colors. Suppose that we are given two list edge-colorings $f_0$ and $f_r$ of $G$, and asked…

离散数学 · 计算机科学 2016-09-02 Hiroki Osawa , Akira Suzuki , Takehiro Ito , Xiao Zhou

We prove that every internally 4-connected non-planar bipartite graph has an odd K_3,3 subdivision; that is, a subgraph obtained from K_3,3 by replacing its edges by internally disjoint odd paths with the same ends. The proof gives rise to…

组合数学 · 数学 2017-03-28 Robin Thomas , Peter Whalen

The existence of an on-line competitive algorithm for coloring bipartite graphs remains a tantalizing open problem. So far there are only partial positive results for bipartite graphs with certain small forbidden graphs as induced…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2015-02-04 Piotr Micek , Veit Wiechert

A graph $G$ is $k$-vertex-critical if $G$ has chromatic number $k$ but every proper induced subgraph of $G$ has chromatic number less than $k$. The study of $k$-vertex-critical graphs for graph classes is an important topic in algorithmic…

组合数学 · 数学 2021-08-21 Qingqiong Cai , Jan Goedgebeur , Shenwei Huang

Color refinement is a classical technique used to show that two given graphs G and H are non-isomorphic; it is very efficient, although it does not succeed on all graphs. We call a graph G amenable to color refinement if it succeeds in…

计算复杂性 · 计算机科学 2015-05-05 V. Arvind , Johannes Köbler , Gaurav Rattan , Oleg Verbitsky

In this paper, we study the problem of partitioning a graph into connected and colored components called blocks. Using bivariate generating functions and combinatorial techniques, we determine the expected number of blocks when the vertices…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-01-13 José L. Ramírez , Diego Villamizar

We study the problem of transforming one list (vertex) coloring of a graph into another list coloring by changing only one vertex color assignment at a time, while at all times maintaining a list coloring, given a list of allowed colors for…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2016-01-20 Tatsuhiko Hatanaka , Takehiro Ito , Xiao Zhou

Esperet and Joret proved that planar graphs with bounded maximum degree are 3-colorable with bounded clustering. Liu and Wood asked whether the conclusion holds with the assumption of the bounded maximum degree replaced by assuming that no…

组合数学 · 数学 2023-06-19 Zdeněk Dvořák

We prove a decomposition theorem for graphs that do not contain a subdivision of $K_4$ as an induced subgraph where $K_4$ is the complete graph on four vertices. We obtain also a structure theorem for the class $\cal C$ of graphs that…

组合数学 · 数学 2013-09-10 Benjamin Lévêque , Frédéric Maffray , Nicolas Trotignon

We give a new, simple distributed algorithm for graph colouring in paths and cycles. Our algorithm is fast and self-contained, it does not need any globally consistent orientation, and it reduces the number of colours from $10^{100}$ to $3$…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2017-09-05 Jukka Kohonen , Janne H. Korhonen , Christopher Purcell , Jukka Suomela , Przemysław Uznański

We generalize the Five Color Theorem by showing that it extends to graphs with two crossings. Furthermore, we show that if a graph has three crossings, but does not contain K_6 as a subgraph, then it is also 5-colorable. We also consider…

组合数学 · 数学 2007-05-23 Bogdan Oporowski , David Zhao

The problem of finding the minimum number of colors to color a graph properly without containing any bicolored copy of a fixed family of subgraphs has been widely studied. Most well-known examples are star coloring and acyclic coloring of…

组合数学 · 数学 2023-11-09 Alaittin Kırtışoğlu , Lale Özkahya

We show that given an $n$-vertex graph $G$ of diameter 3 we can decide if $G$ is $3$-colourable in time $2^{O(n^{2/3-\varepsilon})}$ for any $\varepsilon < 1/33$. This improves on the previous best algorithm of $2^{O((n\log n)^{2/3})}$ from…

组合数学 · 数学 2026-05-26 Carla Groenland , Hidde Koerts , Sophie Spirkl

We give an explicit procedure for $5$-list-coloring a large class of toroidal $6$-regular triangulations in linear time. We also show that these graphs are not $3$-choosable.

组合数学 · 数学 2026-02-10 Niranjan Balachandran , Brahadeesh Sankarnarayanan

A rainbow path in an edge coloured graph is a path in which no two edges are coloured the same. A rainbow colouring of a connected graph G is a colouring of the edges of G such that every pair of vertices in G is connected by at least one…

离散数学 · 计算机科学 2014-04-18 L. Sunil Chandran , Deepak Rajendraprasad , Marek Tesař

DP-coloring (or correspondence coloring) is a generalization of list coloring that has been widely studied since its introduction by Dvo\v{r}\'{a}k and Postle in 2015. As the analogue of the chromatic polynomial of a graph $G$, $P(G,m)$,…

组合数学 · 数学 2023-03-21 Samantha L. Dahlberg , Hemanshu Kaul , Jeffrey A. Mudrock

For a graph $F$, a graph $G$ is \emph{$F$-free} if it does not contain an induced subgraph isomorphic to $F$. For two graphs $G$ and $H$, an \emph{$H$-coloring} of $G$ is a mapping $f:V(G)\rightarrow V(H)$ such that for every edge $uv\in…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2023-03-06 Maria Chudnovsky , Shenwei Huang , Paweł Rzążewski , Sophie Spirkl , Mingxian Zhong

For graphs $G_1, G_2, G_3$, the three-color Ramsey number $R(G_1,$ $G_2, G_3)$ is the smallest integer $n$ such that if we arbitrarily color the edges of the complete graph of order $n$ with 3 colors, then it contains a monochromatic copy…

组合数学 · 数学 2021-06-29 Janusz Dybizbański , Tomasz Dzido , Stanisław Radziszowski