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Understanding how out-of-equilibrium states thermalize under quantum unitary dynamics is an important problem in many-body physics. In this work, we propose a statistical ansatz for the matrix elements of non-equilibrium initial states in…

统计力学 · 物理学 2025-04-30 Laura Foini , Anatoly Dymarsky , Silvia Pappalardi

Eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) is discussed. We point out that the common formulation of the ETH suffers from the mixing of random and deterministic variables. We suggest a modified formulation of the ETH which includes only…

统计力学 · 物理学 2018-11-05 Oleg Inozemcev , Igor Volovich

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis provides to date the most successful description of thermalization in isolated quantum systems by conjecturing statistical properties of matrix elements of typical operators in the (quasi-)energy…

统计力学 · 物理学 2021-06-30 Felix Fritzsch , Tomaž Prosen

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) is the leading interpretation in our current understanding of quantum thermalization. Recent results uncovered strong connections between quantum correlations in thermalizing systems and the…

统计力学 · 物理学 2025-12-23 Gabriel O. Alves , Felix Fritzsch , Pieter W. Claeys

In this paper we provide a universal description of the behavior of the basic operators of the Schwarzian theory in pure states. When the pure states are energy eigenstates, expectation values of non-extensive operators are thermal. On the…

高能物理 - 理论 · 物理学 2020-04-22 Pranjal Nayak , Julian Sonner , Manuel Vielma

Using the ergodicity principle for the expectation values of several types of observables, we investigate the thermalization process in isolated fermionic systems. These are described by the two-body random ensemble, which is a paradigmatic…

统计力学 · 物理学 2015-05-27 V. K. B. Kota , A. Relaño , J. Retamosa , Manan Vyas

Under the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH), quantum-quenched systems equilibrate towards canonical, thermal ensembles. While at first glance the ETH might seem a very strong hypothesis, we show that it is indeed not only…

量子物理 · 物理学 2016-02-03 Giacomo De Palma , Alessio Serafini , Vittorio Giovannetti , Marcus Cramer

In a recent Letter [PhysRevLett.119.030601 (2017), arXiv:1702.08227], Shiraishi and Mori claim to provide a general method for constructing local Hamiltonians that do not exhibit eigenstate thermalization. We argue that the claim is based…

统计力学 · 物理学 2018-07-19 Rubem Mondaini , Krishnanand Mallayya , Lea F. Santos , Marcos Rigol

We consider the set of all initial states within a microcanonical energy shell of an isolated many-body quantum system, which exhibit the same, arbitrary but fixed non-equilibrium expectation value for some given observable $A$. On…

统计力学 · 物理学 2018-07-04 Peter Reimann

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) offers a universal mechanism for the approach to equilibrium of closed quantum many-body systems. So far, however, experimental studies have focused on the relaxation dynamics of observables as…

量子气体 · 物理学 2020-12-15 Alexander Schuckert , Michael Knap

We consider a minimal model for quantum thermalization of coupled chaotic subsystems. The route towards ergodicity is explored as a function of the coupling strength. The results are contrasted with the predictions of standard Random Matrix…

统计力学 · 物理学 2025-12-23 Amichay Vardi , Doron Cohen

By calculating correlation functions for the Lieb-Liniger model based on the algebraic Bethe ansatz method, we conduct a finite-size scaling analysis of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) which is considered to be a possible…

统计力学 · 物理学 2015-04-06 Tatsuhiko N. Ikeda , Yu Watanabe , Masahito Ueda

We extend the notion of the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) to Open Quantum Systems governed by the Gorini-Kossakowski-Lindblad-Sudarshan (GKLS) Master Equation. We present evidence that the eigenstates of non-equilibrium steady…

统计力学 · 物理学 2019-07-10 Sanjay Moudgalya , Trithep Devakul , D. P. Arovas , S. L. Sondhi

Thermalization of a closed chaotic quantum system is commonly addressed in terms of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH). An alternative approach uses the Bohigas-Giannoni-Schmit (BGS) conjecture. The comparison shows that the two…

数学物理 · 物理学 2025-09-29 Hans A. Weidenmüller

We present a generalization of the ETH conjecture. Using this generalization we are able to derive the fact that an arbitrary eigenstate of a general many body system may be used to represent microcanonical ensemble in any many body…

统计力学 · 物理学 2014-08-18 Garry Goldstein , Natan Andrei

Nonequilibrium steady state (NESS) is a quasistationary state, in which exist currents that continuously produce entropy, but the local observables are stationary everywhere. We propose a theory of NESS under the framework of quantum chaos.…

统计力学 · 物理学 2020-03-30 Pei Wang

We investigate the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) of highly excited descendant states in two-dimensional large central charge $c$ conformal field theory. We use operator product expansion of twist operators to calculate the…

高能物理 - 理论 · 物理学 2019-01-29 Wu-zhong Guo , Feng-Li Lin , Jiaju Zhang

For the typical quantum many-body systems that obey the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH), we argue that the entanglement entropy of (almost) all energy eigenstates is described by a single crossover function. The ETH implies that…

统计力学 · 物理学 2021-07-26 Qiang Miao , Thomas Barthel

In the ongoing discussion on thermalization in closed quantum many-body systems, the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) has recently been proposed as a universal concept which attracted considerable attention. So far this concept…

It is known that the long-range quantum entanglement exhibited in free fermion systems is sufficient to "thermalize" a small subsystem in that the subsystem reduced density matrix computed from a typical excited eigenstate of the combined…

统计力学 · 物理学 2025-02-18 G. C. Levine , B. A. Friedman