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Despite the unitary evolution of closed quantum systems, long-time expectation of local observables are well described by thermal ensembles, providing the foundation of quantum statistical mechanics. A promising route to understanding this…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-02-03 Yuke Zhang , Pengfei Zhang

We investigate the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) in integrable models, focusing on the spin-1/2 isotropic Heisenberg (XXX) chain. We provide numerical evidence that ETH holds for typical eigenstates (weak ETH scenario).…

强关联电子 · 物理学 2015-04-22 Vincenzo Alba

Having analytical instances of the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) is of obvious interest, both for fundamental and applied reasons. This is generically a hard task, due to the belief that non-linear interactions are basic…

量子物理 · 物理学 2016-08-01 Javier M. Magan

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) and the theory of linear response (LRT) are celebrated cornerstones of our understanding of the physics of many-body quantum systems out of equilibrium. While the ETH provides a generic…

统计力学 · 物理学 2019-05-29 Jonas Richter , Jochen Gemmer , Robin Steinigeweg

We initiate a systematic study of high energy matrix elements of local operators in 2d CFT. Knowledge of these is required in order to determine whether the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) can hold in such theories. Most high…

高能物理 - 理论 · 物理学 2020-06-30 Mert Besken , Shouvik Datta , Per Kraus

It is commonly believed that quantum isolated systems satisfying the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) are diffusive. We show that this assumption is too restrictive, since there are systems that are asymptotically in a thermal…

统计力学 · 物理学 2016-10-25 David J. Luitz , Yevgeny Bar Lev

We consider the statistical properties of eigenstates of the time-evolution operator in chaotic many-body quantum systems. Our focus is on correlations between eigenstates that are specific to spatially extended systems and that…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-08-21 Dominik Hahn , David J. Luitz , J. T. Chalker

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) postulates that the energy eigenstates of an isolated many-body system are thermal, i.e., each of them already yields practically the same expectation values as the microcanonical ensemble at…

统计力学 · 物理学 2015-05-29 Peter Reimann

We study the validity of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) and its role for the occurrence of initial-state independent (ISI) equilibration in closed quantum many-body systems. Using the concept of dynamical typicality, we…

量子物理 · 物理学 2015-06-19 Abdellah Khodja , Robin Steinigeweg , Jochen Gemmer

Ergodicity has been one of the fundamental concepts underpinning our understanding of thermalization in isolated systems since the first developments in classical statistical mechanics. Recently, a similar notion has been introduced for…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-08-20 Leonard Logaric , John Goold , Shane Dooley

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) underpins much of our modern understanding of the thermalization of closed quantum many-body systems. Here, we investigate the statistical properties of observables in the eigenbasis of the…

统计力学 · 物理学 2026-01-19 Gabriel Almeida , Pedro Ribeiro , Masudul Haque , Lucas Sá

Deriving conditions under which a macroscopic system thermalizes directly from the underlying quantum many-body dynamics of its microscopic constituents is a long-standing challenge in theoretical physics. The well-known eigenstate…

统计力学 · 物理学 2022-02-02 Lennart Dabelow , Patrick Vorndamme , Peter Reimann

Under unitary time evolution, expectation values of physically reasonable observables often evolve towards the predictions of equilibrium statistical mechanics. The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) states that this is also true…

统计力学 · 物理学 2018-04-19 Fabio Anza , Christian Gogolin , Marcus Huber

We show that macroscopic thermalization and transport impose constraints on matrix elements entering the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) ansatz and require them to be correlated. It is often assumed that the ETH reduces to Random…

统计力学 · 物理学 2022-11-01 Anatoly Dymarsky

Understanding how an isolated quantum system evolves toward a thermal state from an initial state far from equilibrium such as one prepared by a global quantum quench has attracted significant interest in recent years. This phenomenon can…

高能物理 - 理论 · 物理学 2025-01-23 Mohsen Alishahiha , Mohammad Javad Vasli

Eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) represents a breakthrough in many-body physics since it allows to link thermalization of physical observables with the applicability of random matrix theory (RMT). Recent years were also extremely…

统计力学 · 物理学 2024-08-06 Maksymilian Kliczkowski , Rafał Świętek , Miroslav Hopjan , Lev Vidmar

The Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis explains thermalization in isolated quantum systems through the statistical properties of observables in the energy eigenbasis. We investigate the crossover from integrability to chaos in the…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-01-15 Shivam Mishra , C Jisha , Ravi Prakash

Work extraction from the Gibbs ensemble by a cyclic operation is impossible, as represented by the second law of thermodynamics. On the other hand, the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) states that just a single energy eigenstate…

统计力学 · 物理学 2019-04-03 Kazuya Kaneko , Eiki Iyoda , Takahiro Sagawa

We derive semiclassical analytical solutions for both the diagonal and off-diagonal functions in the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) in a quarter-stadium quantum billiard. For a representative observable, we obtain an explicit…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-10-15 Yaoqi Ye , Chengkai Lin , Xiao Wang

A class of autonomous quantum heat baths satisfying the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) criteria is proposed. We show that such systems are expected to cause thermal relaxation of much smaller quantum systems coupled to one of…

量子物理 · 物理学 2015-08-10 O. Fialko