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We introduce a square root map on Sturmian words and study its properties. Given a Sturmian word of slope $\alpha$, there exists exactly six minimal squares in its language (a minimal square does not have a square as a proper prefix). A…

离散数学 · 计算机科学 2017-04-05 Jarkko Peltomäki , Markus Whiteland

In this paper we introduce and study a new property of infinite words: An infinite word $x\in A^\mathbb{N}$, with values in a finite set $A$, is said to be $k$-self-shuffling $(k\geq 2)$ if $x$ admits factorizations: $x=\prod_{i=0}^\infty…

组合数学 · 数学 2014-11-17 Émilie Charlier , Teturo Kamae , Svetlana Puzynina , Luca Q. Zamboni

This paper reviews some results regarding symbolic dynamics, correspondence between languages of dynamical systems and combinatorics. Sturmian sequences provide a pattern for investigation of one-dimensional systems, in particular interval…

动力系统 · 数学 2017-12-01 A. Ya. Belov , G. V. Kondakov , I. Mitrofanov

We consider solutions of the word equation $X_1^2 \dotsm X_n^2 = (X_1 \dotsm X_n)^2$ such that the squares $X_i^2$ are minimal squares found in optimal squareful infinite words. We apply a method developed by the second author for studying…

形式语言与自动机理论 · 计算机科学 2020-11-04 Jarkko Peltomäki , Aleksi Saarela

Return words constitute a powerful tool for studying symbolic dynamical systems. They may be regarded as a discrete analogue of the first return map in dynamical systems. In this paper we investigate two abelian variants of the notion of…

组合数学 · 数学 2012-04-27 Svetlana Puzynina , Luca Q. Zamboni

This paper presents a general and systematic discussion of various symbolic representations of iterated maps through subshifts. We give a unified model for all continuous maps on a metric space, by representing a map through a general…

混沌动力学 · 物理学 2007-05-23 Xin-Chu Fu , Weiping Lu , Peter Ashwin , Jinqiao Duan

An infinite word x is said to be quasiperiodic if there exists a finite word q such that x is covered by occurrences of q (such a q is called a quasiperiod of x). Using the notion of derivation, we show that this definition is not…

动力系统 · 数学 2007-05-23 Thierry Monteil , Solomon Marcus

In this article, we solve some word equations originated from discrete dynamical systems related to antisymmetric cubic map. These equations emerge when we work with primitive and greatest words. We conclude with some applications

动力系统 · 数学 2018-02-13 Elias Abboud

We introduce a new geometric approach to Sturmian words by means of a mapping that associates certain lines in the n x n -grid and sets of finite Sturmian words of length n. Using this mapping, we give new proofs of the formulas enumerating…

离散数学 · 计算机科学 2012-01-24 Kaisa Matomäki , Kalle Saari

A balanced word is one in which any two factors of the same length contain the same number of each letter of the alphabet up to one. Finite binary balanced words are called Sturmian words. A Sturmian word is bispecial if it can be extended…

形式语言与自动机理论 · 计算机科学 2014-07-15 Gabriele Fici

A finite Sturmian word w over the alphabet {a,b} is left special (resp. right special) if aw and bw (resp. wa and wb) are both Sturmian words. A bispecial Sturmian word is a Sturmian word that is both left and right special. We show as a…

形式语言与自动机理论 · 计算机科学 2015-03-20 Gabriele Fici

Sturmian words are infinite binary words with many equivalent definitions: They have a minimal factor complexity among all aperiodic sequences; they are balanced sequences (the labels 0 and 1 are as evenly distributed as possible) and they…

离散数学 · 计算机科学 2008-09-12 Nicolas Gast , Bruno Gaujal

To any infinite word w over a finite alphabet A we can associate two infinite words min(w) and max(w) such that any prefix of min(w) (resp. max(w)) is the lexicographically smallest (resp. greatest) amongst the factors of w of the same…

组合数学 · 数学 2010-03-16 Amy Glen

In this book chapter, written in French, we consider the classical family of Sturmian words, defined as the aperiodic infinite words containing only $n+1$ factors of a length $n$, which is the minimal possible value. We will discuss several…

组合数学 · 数学 2019-05-14 Anna Frid

The periodic (ordinal) patterns of a map are the permutations realized by the relative order of the points in its periodic orbits. We give a combinatorial characterization of the periodic patterns of an arbitrary signed shift, in terms of…

组合数学 · 数学 2013-05-01 Kassie Archer , Sergi Elizalde

A binary word is Sturmian if the occurrences of each letter are balanced, in the sense that in any two factors of the same length, the difference between the number of occurrences of the same letter is at most 1. In digital geometry,…

离散数学 · 计算机科学 2025-11-11 Alessandro De Luca , Gabriele Fici

Paper withdrawn; will be replaced by revised version containing application to lattice models as well. We study hierarchical properties of Sturmian words. These properties are similar to those of substitution dynamical systems. This…

动力系统 · 数学 2007-05-23 Daniel Lenz

We say $x \in \{0,1,2 \}^{\NN}$ is a word with Sturmian erasures if for any $a\in \{0,1,2 \}$ the word obtained erasing all $a$ in $x$ is a Sturmian word. A large family of such words is given coding trajectories of balls in the game of…

组合数学 · 数学 2008-01-04 Fabien Durand , Adel Guerziz , Michel Koskas

We give an explicit algorithm to construct aperiodic tile sets based on Sturmian words of quadratic slopes. The method works for any quadratic irrational slope, and we can produce infinitely many aperiodic tile sets whose underlying scaling…

组合数学 · 数学 2026-01-15 Shigeki Akiyama , Tadahisa Hamada , Katsuki Ito

A word is closed if it contains a proper factor that occurs both as a prefix and as a suffix but does not have internal occurrences, otherwise it is open. We deal with the sequence of open and closed prefixes of Sturmian words and prove…

组合数学 · 数学 2014-07-15 Alessandro De Luca , Gabriele Fici
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