English

Abelian returns in Sturmian words

Combinatorics 2012-04-27 v1

Abstract

Return words constitute a powerful tool for studying symbolic dynamical systems. They may be regarded as a discrete analogue of the first return map in dynamical systems. In this paper we investigate two abelian variants of the notion of return word, each of them gives rise to a new characterization of Sturmian words. We prove that a recurrent infinite word is Sturmian if and only if each of its factors has two or three abelian (or semi-abelian) returns. We study the structure of abelian returns in Sturmian words and give a characterization of those factors having exactly two abelian returns. Finally we discuss connections between abelian returns and periodicity in words.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.1204.5755,
  title  = {Abelian returns in Sturmian words},
  author = {Svetlana Puzynina and Luca Q. Zamboni},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1204.5755},
  year   = {2012}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-21T20:54:47.783Z