Geophysics
Earth's relief is approximately self-affine, meaning a zoom-in on a small region looks statistically similar to a large region upon rescaling. Fractional Brownian surfaces give an idealized self-affine model of Earth's relief with one…
Geological materials are often seen as the antithesis of soft; rocks are hard. However, during the formation of minerals and rocks, all the systems we shall discuss, indeed geological materials in general, pass through a stage where they…
The Controlled Source Electromagnetic (CSEM) method aims to image electrical resistivity at intermediate depths (0-3 km) for geothermal, mineral, and groundwater exploration. It was developed both as a deeper extension of DC resistivity…
Near-field tsunami early warning in the Cascadia Subduction Zone is limited by sparse offshore observations. We investigate whether a hypothetical network of 175 ocean-bottom pressure sensors can support real-time Bayesian inference of the…
Volcanic eruptions necessitate precise monitoring of magma pressure and inflation for improved forecasting. Understanding deep magma storage is crucial for hazard assessment, yet imaging these systems is challenging due to complex…
Earth's inner core (IC) serves as a reservoir for volatile elements, which significantly affects its behavior and properties. Recent studies suggest that superionicity can be observed in ice and iron hydrides under high-pressure and…
Submarine eruptions, accounting for over 80% of Earth's volcanic activity, primarily occur along mid-ocean ridges, where shallow magmatic systems are accessible to high-resolution imaging. Yet, their remoteness often leaves them undetected.…
We present EUWA310, a seismic velocity model obtained by full seismic waveform inversion (FWI) model of the upper mantle beneath Europe and Western Asia. Inferred via 310 quasi-Newton updates from more than 260$\,$000 three-component…
Understanding Earth's core dynamics over millennial timescales requires models that jointly describe the evolution of the geomagnetic field and core surface flow, while accommodating the sparse, irregular, and uncertain nature of…
Subsurface geomodeling plays a critical role in reservoir characterization, uncertainty quantification, and subsurface flow prediction. However, integrating heterogeneous sources of geological information, including conceptual geological…
Compressed sensing provides an efficient framework for reconstructing wave signals from reduced measurements. For multi-channel buoy data, the three displacement components exhibit intrinsic correlations, as wave motion contributes…
In this study, we evaluate the spatial forecasting skill of the $b$-value and background seismicity rate $\mu$ across the Alborz region using a homogenized catalog of 23,961 earthquakes ($M \geq 1.5$) recorded by the Iranian Seismological…
Repeat observations provide essential constraints on long-term changes in the ocean interior, such as warming and cooling trends. However, attributing these Eulerian signals to either reversible isopycnal heaving or irreversible diabatic…
Deep subsurface access on Mars could enable sampling of ancient lacustrine deposits, volatile-rich horizons, and other geologic targets beyond the reach of current shallow drilling systems. This study evaluates a wireline pneumatic…
Numerous studies have shown that the machine-learning picker PhaseNet produces accurate P and S picks on local earthquake signals, but its performance can degrade sharply on teleseismic signals. To address this limitation, we present a…
Rapid earthquake magnitude estimation is crucial for effective early warning systems that can save lives and reduce economic damage. In this paper, we present a comprehensive study of magnitude classification using only the vertical…
Campi Flegrei, a large caldera in southern Italy, is among the most hazardous volcanic systems on Earth, directly threatening over one million people. Since 2005, it has entered a phase of accelerating uplift accompanied by intensified…
Along with the development of the scripting technology in cartography, such as the GMT and libraries of R programming language, geologic and geophysical mapping is being vigorously promoted, where the integration of the thematic data, such…
Standard approaches to forecasting the weekly number of earthquakes on a spatial grid rely on the Poisson distribution with a single global dispersion assumption. We show that this assumption is systematically violated in seismic data from…
Relative Geologic Time (RGT) estimation from seismic data is a cornerstone of subsurface structural modeling, depositional evolution analysis, and reservoir characterization, supporting horizon correlation and depositional system…