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This tutorial article introduces the physics of quantum information scrambling in quantum many-body systems. The goals are to understand how to precisely quantify the spreading of quantum information and how causality emerges in complex…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-01-25 Shenglong Xu , Brian Swingle

Thermalization and scrambling are the subject of much recent study from the perspective of many-body quantum systems with locally bounded Hilbert spaces (`spin chains'), quantum field theory and holography. We tackle this problem in 1D…

强关联电子 · 物理学 2018-04-18 Curt von Keyserlingk , Tibor Rakovszky , Frank Pollmann , Shivaji Sondhi

The growth of information scrambling, captured by out-of-time-order correlation functions (OTOCs), is a central indicator of the nature of many-body quantum dynamics. Here, we compute analytically the complete time dependence of the OTOC…

高能物理 - 理论 · 物理学 2025-11-21 Antonio M. García-García , Chang Liu , Lucas Sá , Jacobus J. M. Verbaarschot , Jie-ping Zheng

Out-of-Time-Ordered Commutators (OTOCs), representing a key diagnostic for scrambling as a facet of short-time quantum chaos, have attracted wide-ranging interest, from many-body physics to quantum gravity. By means of a suitable form of…

混沌动力学 · 物理学 2025-12-24 Fabian Haneder , Gerrit Caspari , Juan Diego Urbina , Klaus Richter

The out-of-time-ordered correlator (OTOC) is central to the understanding of information scrambling in quantum many-body systems. In this work, we show that the OTOC in a quantum many-body system close to its critical point obeys dynamical…

量子物理 · 物理学 2019-11-13 Bo-Bo Wei , Gaoyong Sun , Myung-Joong Hwang

The scrambling of quantum information in closed many-body systems, as measured by out-of-time-ordered correlation functions (OTOCs), has lately received considerable attention. Recently, a hydrodynamical description of OTOCs has emerged…

统计力学 · 物理学 2018-09-12 Tibor Rakovszky , Frank Pollmann , C. W. von Keyserlingk

A remarkable feature of chaos in many-body quantum systems is the existence of a bound on the quantum Lyapunov exponent. An important question is to understand what is special about maximally chaotic systems which saturate this bound. Here…

高能物理 - 理论 · 物理学 2023-01-11 Mike Blake , Hong Liu

Out-of-time-order correlators (OTOCs) have proven to be a useful tool for studying thermalisation in quantum systems. In particular, the exponential growth of OTOCS, or scrambling, is sometimes taken as an indicator of chaos in quantum…

量子物理 · 物理学 2021-03-09 R. A. Kidd , A. Safavi-Naini , J. F. Corney

Fast scrambling, quantified by the exponential initial growth of Out-of-Time-Ordered-Correlators (OTOCs), is the ability to efficiently spread quantum correlations among the degrees of freedom of interacting systems, and constitutes a…

量子物理 · 物理学 2023-05-04 Felix Meier , Mathias Steinhuber , Juan Diego Urbina , Daniel Waltner , Thomas Guhr

We describe the dynamics of many-body quantum chaotic systems at all time scales by studying the Green's and out-of-time order correlation (OTOC) functions of the four-body, $N$-Majorana Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model. By combining the scramblon…

高能物理 - 理论 · 物理学 2026-05-28 Antonio M. García-García , Lucas Sá , Jacobus J. M. Verbaarschot , Jie-Ping Zheng

Scrambling is a key concept in the analysis of nonequilibrium properties of quantum many-body systems. Most studies focus on its characterization via out-of-time-ordered correlation functions (OTOCs), particularly through the early-time…

量子物理 · 物理学 2023-04-14 Sivaprasad Omanakuttan , Karthik Chinni , Philip Daniel Blocher , Pablo M. Poggi

Recent developments identify pole-skipping as a `smoking-gun' signature of the hydrodynamic nature of chaos, offering an alternative way to probe quantum chaos in addition to the out-of-time-ordered correlator (OTOC). We study the quantum…

高能物理 - 理论 · 物理学 2025-11-07 Hong-Da Lyu , Jun-Kun Zhao , Li Li

Thermalization of chaotic quantum many-body systems under unitary time evolution is related to the growth in complexity of initially simple Heisenberg operators. Operator growth is a manifestation of information scrambling and can be…

强关联电子 · 物理学 2019-09-19 Shenglong Xu , Brian Swingle

Classical chaotic systems exhibit exponentially diverging trajectories due to small differences in their initial state. The analogous diagnostic in quantum many-body systems is an exponential growth of out-of-time-ordered correlation…

强关联电子 · 物理学 2020-03-06 Étienne Lantagne-Hurtubise , Stephan Plugge , Oguzhan Can , Marcel Franz

The study of information scrambling in many-body systems has sharpened our understanding of quantum chaos, complexity and gravity. Here, we extend the framework for exploring information scrambling to infinite dimensional continuous…

量子物理 · 物理学 2019-06-26 Quntao Zhuang , Thomas Schuster , Beni Yoshida , Norman Y. Yao

We study many-body chaos in a (2+1)D relativistic scalar field theory at high temperatures in the classical statistical approximation, which captures the quantum critical regime and the thermal phase transition from an ordered to a…

统计力学 · 物理学 2019-08-21 Alexander Schuckert , Michael Knap

The out-of-time ordered correlator (OTOC) is a measure of scrambling of quantum information. Scrambling is intuitively considered to be a significant feature of chaotic systems and thus the OTOC is widely used as a measure of chaos. For…

Out-of-time-ordered correlators (OTOCs) are an effective tool in characterizing black hole chaos, many-body thermalization and quantum dynamics instability. Previous research findings have shown that the OTOCs' exponential growth (EG) marks…

量子物理 · 物理学 2021-06-02 Wen-Lei Zhao , Yue Hu , Zhi Li , Qian Wang

Fast scrambling of quantum correlations, reflected by the exponential growth of Out-of-Time-Order Correlators (OTOCs) on short pre-Ehrenfest time scales, is commonly considered as a major quantum signature of unstable dynamics in quantum…

量子物理 · 物理学 2023-08-22 Mathias Steinhuber , Peter Schlagheck , Juan-Diego Urbina , Klaus Richter

Out-of-time-ordered correlators (OTOCs) have been extensively used over the last few years to study information scrambling and quantum chaos in many-body systems. In this paper, we extend the formalism of the averaged bipartite OTOC of…

量子物理 · 物理学 2021-06-21 Paolo Zanardi , Namit Anand
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