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We study infinite binary words that contain few distinct palindromes. In particular, we classify such words according to their critical exponents. This extends results by Fici and Zamboni [TCS 2013]. Interestingly, the words with 18 and 20…

组合数学 · 数学 2024-03-27 L'ubomíra Dvořáková , Pascal Ochem , Daniela Opočenská

Episturmian morphisms constitute a powerful tool to study episturmian words. Indeed, any episturmian word can be infinitely decomposed over the set of pure episturmian morphisms. Thus, an episturmian word can be defined by one of its…

离散数学 · 计算机科学 2010-03-16 Amy Glen , Florence Levé , Gwénaël Richomme

Sturmian words form a family of one-sided infinite words over a binary alphabet that are obtained as a discretization of a line with an irrational slope starting from the origin. A finite version of this class of words called Christoffel…

形式语言与自动机理论 · 计算机科学 2025-07-22 Abhishek Krishnamoorthy , Robinson Thamburaj , Durairaj Gnanaraj Thomas

For a given finite group $G$ consisting of morphisms and antimorphisms of a free monoid $\mathcal{A}^*$, we study infinite words with language closed under the group $G$. We focus on the notion of $G$-richness which describes words rich in…

组合数学 · 数学 2015-03-19 Edita Pelantová , Štěpán Starosta

In this paper we study generalization of the reversal mapping realized by an arbitrary involutory antimorphism $\Theta$. It generalizes the notion of a palindrome into a $\Theta$-palindrome -- a word invariant under $\Theta$. For languages…

组合数学 · 数学 2015-03-12 Stepan Starosta

We implement a decision procedure for answering questions about a class of infinite words that might be called (for lack of a better name) "Fibonacci-automatic". This class includes, for example, the famous Fibonacci word f = 01001010...,…

形式语言与自动机理论 · 计算机科学 2014-07-29 Chen Fei Du , Hamoon Mousavi , Luke Schaeffer , Jeffrey Shallit

Let $A$ be a finite or countable alphabet and let $\theta$ be literal (anti)morphism onto $A^*$ (by definition, such a correspondence is determinated by a permutation of the alphabet). This paper deals with sets which are invariant under…

离散数学 · 计算机科学 2017-07-28 Jean Néraud , Carla Selmi

Two words are $k$-binomially equivalent if each subword of length at most $k$ occurs the same number of times in both words. The $k$-binomial complexity of an infinite word is a counting function that maps $n$ to the number of $k$-binomial…

组合数学 · 数学 2022-12-07 Michel Rigo , Manon Stipulanti , Markus A. Whiteland

In [X. Droubay et al, Episturmian words and some constructions of de Luca and Rauzy, Theoret. Comput. Sci. 255 (2001)], it was proved that every word w has at most |w|+1 many distinct palindromic factors, including the empty word. The…

组合数学 · 数学 2015-01-06 Jetro Vesti

Palindromes are those reduced words of free products of groups that coincide with their reverse words. We prove that a free product of groups $G$ has infinite palindromic width, provided that $G$ is not the free product of two cyclic groups…

群论 · 数学 2007-05-23 Valery Bardakov , Vladimir Tolstykh

Originally introduced and studied by the third and fourth authors together with J. Justin and S. Widmer in arXiv:0801.1656, rich words constitute a new class of finite and infinite words characterized by containing the maximal number of…

组合数学 · 数学 2010-03-16 Michelangelo Bucci , Alessandro De Luca , Amy Glen , Luca Q. Zamboni

In this paper we explore various interconnections between rich words, Sturmian words, and trapezoidal words. Rich words, first introduced in arXiv:0801.1656 by the second and third authors together with J. Justin and S. Widmer, constitute a…

组合数学 · 数学 2010-04-08 Aldo de Luca , Amy Glen , Luca Q. Zamboni

To any infinite word w over a finite alphabet A we can associate two infinite words min(w) and max(w) such that any prefix of min(w) (resp. max(w)) is the lexicographically smallest (resp. greatest) amongst the factors of w of the same…

组合数学 · 数学 2010-03-16 Amy Glen

A morphic word is obtained by iterating a morphism to generate an infinite word, and then applying a coding. We characterize morphic words with polynomial growth in terms of a new type of infinite word called a $\textit{zigzag word}$. A…

形式语言与自动机理论 · 计算机科学 2023-06-22 Tim Smith

The first-order theory of the automorphism group of an infinite resplendent model in a finite language is undecidable.

逻辑 · 数学 2011-12-20 James H. Schmerl

Motivated by a conjecture of Frid, Puzynina, and Zamboni, we investigate infinite words with the property that for infinitely many n, every length-n factor is a product of two palindromes. We show that every Sturmian word has this property,…

组合数学 · 数学 2015-09-18 Adam Borchert , Narad Rampersad

A narrow connection between infinite binary words rich in classical palindromes and infinite binary words rich simultaneously in palindromes and pseudopalindromes (the so-called $H$-rich words) is demonstrated. The correspondence between…

组合数学 · 数学 2023-06-22 Edita Pelantová , Štěpán Starosta

Factor complexity $\mathcal{C}$ and palindromic complexity $\mathcal{P}$ of infinite words with language closed under reversal are known to be related by the inequality $\mathcal{P}(n) + \mathcal{P}(n+1) \leq 2 +…

组合数学 · 数学 2015-03-12 Edita Pelantová , Štěpán Starosta

Two results on palindromicity of bi-infinite words in a finite alphabet are presented. The first is a simple, but efficient criterion to exclude palindromicity of minimal sequences and applies, in particular, to the Rudin-Shapiro sequence.…

数学物理 · 物理学 2019-07-17 Michael Baake

Let p be a maximal palindrome in a Sturmian word s=ul_1pl_2v so that p is a palindrome and l_1pl_2 is not for letters l_1 and l_2. Let {\alpha}(p,p') be a morphism mapping letters a and b respectively to a^pb and a^p'b, |p-p'|=1. In this…

组合数学 · 数学 2011-03-08 Ayse Karaman