相关论文: Lie geometry of 2x2 Markov matrices
Recent work has discussed the importance of multiplicative closure for the Markov models used in phylogenetics. For continuous-time Markov chains, a sufficient condition for multiplicative closure of a model class is ensured by demanding…
We prove that the probability substitution matrices obtained from a continuous-time Markov chain form a multiplicatively closed set if and only if the rate matrices associated to the chain form a linear space spanning a Lie algebra. The key…
A matrix Lie algebra is a linear space of matrices closed under the operation $ [A, B] = AB-BA $. The "Lie closure" of a set of matrices is the smallest matrix Lie algebra which contains the set. In the context of Markov chain theory, if a…
A ${\mathbb Z}_2\times{\mathbb Z}_2$-graded Lie algebra $\mathfrak g$ is a ${\mathbb Z}_2\times{\mathbb Z}_2$-graded algebra $\mathfrak g$ with a bracket $[|. , . |]$ that satisfies certain graded versions of the symmetry and Jacobi…
Continuous-time Markov chains are a standard tool in phylogenetic inference. If homogeneity is assumed, the chain is formulated by specifying time-independent rates of substitutions between states in the chain. In applications, there are…
Following Sullivan's spacial realization of a differential algebra, we construct a universal integrating Lie 2-groupoid for every Lie algebroid. Then We show that unlike Lie algebras which one-to-one correspond to simply connected Lie…
In this paper we use some basic facts from the theory of (matrix) Lie groups and algebras to show that many of the classical matrix splittings used to construct stationary iterative methods and preconditioniers for Krylov subspace methods…
We study the problem of matrix Lie algebra conjugacy. Lie algebras arise centrally in areas as diverse as differential equations, particle physics, group theory, and the Mulmuley--Sohoni Geometric Complexity Theory program. A matrix Lie…
A general way to construct ladder models with certain Lie algebraic or quantum Lie algebraic symmetries is presented. These symmetric models give rise to series of integrable systems. It is shown that corresponding to these SU(2) symmetric…
Motivated by the Cheung's elaborate work [Linear Multilinear Algebra, 51 (2003), 299-310], we investigate the construction of a Lie derivation on a generalized matrix algebra and apply it to give a characterization for such a Lie derivation…
A general way to construct chain models with certain Lie algebraic or quantum Lie algebraic symmetries is presented. These symmetric models give rise to series of integrable systems. As an example the chain models with $A_n$ symmetry and…
We construct classes of $Z_2 \times Z_2$-graded Lie algebras corresponding to the classical Lie algebras, in terms of their defining matrices. For the $Z_2 \times Z_2$-graded Lie algebra of type $A$, the construction coincides with the…
A new kind of graded Lie algebra (we call it $Z_{2,2}$ graded Lie algebra) is introduced as a framework for formulating parasupersymmetric theories. By choosing suitable bose subspace of the $Z_{2,2}$ graded Lie algebra and using relevant…
We consider novel phylogenetic models with rate matrices that arise via the embedding of a progenitor model on a small number of character states, into a target model on a larger number of character states. Adapting representation-theoretic…
Lattice systems with certain Lie algebraic or quantum Lie algebraic symmetries are constructed. These symmetric models give rise to series of integrable systems. As examples the $A_n$-symmetric chain models and the SU(2)-invariant ladder…
We generalize several important results from the perturbation theory of linear operators to the setting of semisimple orthogonal symmetric Lie algebras. These Lie algebras provide a unifying framework for various notions of matrix…
We present and explore a general method for deriving a Lie-Markov model from a finite semigroup. If the degree of the semigroup is $k$, the resulting model is a continuous-time Markov chain on $k$ states and, as a consequence of the product…
We revisit the results on admissible transformations between normal linear systems of second-order ordinary differential equations with an arbitrary number of dependent variables under several appropriate gauges of the arbitrary elements…
The theory of Lie point symmetries is applied to study the generalized Zakharov system with two unknown parameters. The system reduces into a three-dimensional real value functions system, where we find that admits five Lie point…
The general class of the graded Lie algebras is defined. These algebras could be constructed using an arbitrary dynamical systems with discrete time and with invarinat measure. In this papers we consider the case of the central extension of…