相关论文: Almost equal: Method of adequality from Diophantus…

The first half of the 17th century was a time of intellectual ferment when wars of natural philosophy were echoes of religious wars, as we illustrate by a case study of an apparently innocuous mathematical technique called adequality…

We present the proof of Diophantus' 20th problem (book VI of Diophantus' Arithmetica), which consists in wondering if there exist right triangles whose sides may be measured as integers and whose surface may be a square. This problem was…

Descent theory (a modern formulation of Fermat's classical method of infinite descent) is a powerful tool in arithmetic geometry. In this article, we reinterpret descent theory through the lens of quotient stacks and apply it in the setting…

Fermat, Leibniz, Euler, and Cauchy all used one or another form of approximate equality, or the idea of discarding "negligible" terms, so as to obtain a correct analytic answer. Their inferential moves find suitable proxies in the context…

We present the only proof of Pierre Fermat by descente infinie that is known to exist today. As the text of its Latin original requires active mathematical interpretation, it is more a proof sketch than a proper mathematical proof. We…

This paper initiates a novel research direction in the theory of Diophantine equations: define an appropriate version of the equation's size, order all polynomial Diophantine equations starting from the smallest ones, and then solve the…

We show that Hermite's approximations to values of the exponential function at given algebraic numbers are nearly optimal when considered from an adelic perspective. We achieve this by taking into account the ratio of these values whenever…

We show that Hermite's approximations to values of the exponential function at given algebraic numbers are nearly optimal when considered from an adelic perspective. We achieve this by taking into account the ratio of these values whenever…

We aim to fill a gap in the proof of an inequality relating two exponents of uniform Diophantine approximation stated in a paper by Bugeaud. We succeed to verify the inequality in several instances, in particular for small dimension.…

We present a tight parametrical Hermite-Hadamard type inequality with probability measure, which yields a considerably closer upper bound for the mean value of convex function than the classical one. Our inequality becomes equality not only…

This work contains two papers: the first published in 2022 and entitled "On the nature of some Euler's double equations equivalent to Fermat's last theorem" provides a marvellous proof through the so-called discordant forms of appropriate…

We investigate two inequalities of Bugeaud and Laurent, each involving triples of classical exponents of Diophantine approximation associated to $\ux\in\mathbb{R}^n$. We provide a complete description of parameter triples that admit…

We use the theory of arithmetic quotients of the Bruhat-Tits tree developed by Serre and others to obtain Dirichlet-style theorems for Diophantine approximation on global function fields. This approach allows us to find sharp values for the…

The Riemann Hypothesis has been of central interest to mathematicians for a long time and many unsuccessful attempts have been made to either prove or disprove it. Since the Riemann zeta function is defined as a sum of the infinite number…

We examine prevailing philosophical and historical views about the origin of infinitesimal mathematics in light of modern infinitesimal theories, and show the works of Fermat, Leibniz, Euler, Cauchy and other giants of infinitesimal…

Elliptic partial differential equations (PDEs) with discontinuous diffusion coefficients occur in application domains such as diffusions through porous media, electro-magnetic field propagation on heterogeneous media, and diffusion…

Motivated by problems in contact mechanics, we propose a duality approach for computing approximations and associated a posteriori error bounds to solutions of variational inequalities of the first kind. The proposed approach improves upon…

An inequality, recently proposed by Franson [Phys. Rev. A 54, 3808 (1996)] is analyzed and improved. The inequality connects the change of the expectation value of an observable with the uncertainty of this observable. A strict bound on the…

Pad\'e approximations and Siegel's lemma are widely used tools in Diophantine approximation theory. This work has evolved from the attempts to improve Baker-type linear independence measures, either by using the Bombieri-Vaaler version of…

A simple and very accurate method to approximate a function with a finite number of discontinuities is presented. This method relies on hyperbolic tangent functions of rational arguments as connecting functions at the discontinuities, each…