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Two words are $k$-binomially equivalent whenever they share the same subwords, i.e., subsequences, of length at most $k$ with the same multiplicities. This is a refinement of both abelian equivalence and the Simon congruence. The…

离散数学 · 计算机科学 2018-12-19 Marie Lejeune , Julien Leroy , Michel Rigo

The properties characterizing Sturmian words are considered for words on multiliteral alphabets. We summarize various generalizations of Sturmian words to multiliteral alphabets and enlarge the list of known relationships among these…

组合数学 · 数学 2013-02-05 Lubomira Balkova , Edita Pelantova , Stepan Starosta

Let $w$ be an infinite word on an alphabet $A$. We denote by $(n_i)_{i \geq 1}$ the increasing sequence (assumed to be infinite) of all lengths of palindrome prefixes of $w$. In this text, we give an explicit construction of all words $w$…

组合数学 · 数学 2012-02-13 Stéphane Fischler

In this paper we present three new characterizations of Sturmian words based on the lexicographic ordering of their factors.

组合数学 · 数学 2013-02-05 Michelangelo Bucci , Alessandro De Luca , Luca Q. Zamboni

Recently the second two authors characterized quasiperiodic Sturmian words, proving that a Sturmian word is non-quasiperiodic if and only if it is an infinite Lyndon word. Here we extend this study to episturmian words (a natural…

组合数学 · 数学 2010-03-16 Amy Glen , Florence Levé , Gwénaël Richomme

A narrow connection between infinite binary words rich in classical palindromes and infinite binary words rich simultaneously in palindromes and pseudopalindromes (the so-called $H$-rich words) is demonstrated. The correspondence between…

组合数学 · 数学 2023-06-22 Edita Pelantová , Štěpán Starosta

We say that two finite words $u$ and $v$ are abelian equivalent if and only if they have the same number of occurrences of each letter, or equivalently if they define the same Parikh vector. In this paper we investigate various abelian…

组合数学 · 数学 2009-04-21 Gwénaël Richomme , Kalle Saari , Luca Q. Zamboni

Prefix normal words are binary words that have no factor with more $1$s than the prefix of the same length. Finite prefix normal words were introduced in [Fici and Lipt\'ak, DLT 2011]. In this paper, we study infinite prefix normal words…

组合数学 · 数学 2021-05-31 Ferdinando Cicalese , Zsuzsanna Lipták , Massimiliano Rossi

Sturmian sequences are well-known as the ones having minimal complexity over a 2-letter alphabet. They are also the balanced sequences over a 2-letter alphabet and the sequences describing discrete lines. They are famous and have been…

组合数学 · 数学 2009-04-24 Genevieve Paquin

We begin a systematic study of the relations between subword complexity of infinite words and their power avoidance. Among other things, we show that -- the Thue-Morse word has the minimum possible subword complexity over all overlap-free…

形式语言与自动机理论 · 计算机科学 2020-07-07 Jeffrey Shallit , Arseny M. Shur

Given a countable set X (usually taken to be the natural numbers or integers), an infinite permutation, \pi, of X is a linear ordering of X. This paper investigates the combinatorial complexity of infinite permutations on the natural…

离散数学 · 计算机科学 2011-08-19 Steven Widmer

In this article, we study subword complexity of colorings of regular trees. We characterize colorings of bounded subword complexity and study Sturmian colorings, which are colorings of minimal unbounded subword complexity. We classify…

动力系统 · 数学 2019-02-20 Dong Han Kim , Seonhee Lim

An infinite permutation is a linear ordering of the set of natural numbers. An infinite permutation can be defined by a sequence of real numbers where only the order of elements is taken into account. In the paper we investigate a new class…

组合数学 · 数学 2016-12-15 Sergey V. Avgustinovich , Anna E. Frid , Svetlana Puzynina

We present a new, dynamical way to study powers (that is, repetitions) in Sturmian words based on results from Diophantine approximation theory. As a result, we provide an alternative and shorter proof of a result by Damanik and Lenz…

离散数学 · 计算机科学 2015-07-17 Jarkko Peltomäki

The prefix palindromic length $PPL_u(n)$ of an infinite word $u$ is the minimal number of concatenated palindromes needed to express the prefix of length $n$ of $u$. In a 2013 paper with Puzynina and Zamboni we stated the conjecture that…

离散数学 · 计算机科学 2020-01-09 Anna E. Frid

Given a countable set X (usually taken to be N or Z), an infinite permutation $\pi$ of X is a linear ordering $<_\pi$ of X. This paper investigates the combinatorial complexity of infinite permutations on N associated with the image of…

组合数学 · 数学 2011-03-01 Steven Widmer

In this paper, we characterize by lexicographic order all finite Sturmian and episturmian words, i.e., all (finite) factors of such infinite words. Consequently, we obtain a characterization of infinite episturmian words in a "wide sense"…

组合数学 · 数学 2010-03-16 Amy Glen , Jacques Justin , Giuseppe Pirillo

We characterize all quasiperiodic Sturmian words: a Sturmian word is not quasiperiodic if and only if it is a Lyndon word. Moreover, we study links between Sturmian morphisms and quasiperiodicity.

离散数学 · 计算机科学 2016-08-16 Florence Levé , Gwénaël Richomme

Given a countable set X (usually taken to be the natural numbers or the integers), an infinite permutation \pi of X is a linear ordering of X. This paper investigates the combinatorial complexity of the infinite permutation on the natural…

组合数学 · 数学 2010-04-06 Steven Widmer

The complexity of an infinite word can be measured in several ways, the two most common measures being the subword complexity and the abelian complexity. In 2015, Rigo and Salimov introduced a family of intermediate complexities indexed by…

组合数学 · 数学 2026-03-02 Léo Vivion