相关论文: On Hawaiian Groups of Some Topological Spaces
In this paper, we introduce a kind of homology which we call Hawaiian homology to study and classify pointed topological spaces. The Hawaiian homology group has advantages of Hawaiian groups. Moreover, the first Hawaiian homology group is…
The premier exhibition of the following phenomenon: The fundamental group of any Peano continuum constructed in similar fashion to the Hawaiian earring admits two natural distinct topological group structures. However despite being…
Endowed with quotient topology inherited from the space of based loops, the fundamental group of the Hawaiian earring fails to be metrizable. The fundamental group of any space which retracts to the Hawaiian earring is also nonmetrizable.
The paper is devoted to study the $n$th Hawaiian group $\mathcal{H}_n$, $n \ge 1$, of the wedge sum of two spaces $(X,x_*) = (X_1, x_1) \vee (X_2, x_2)$. Indeed, we are going to give some versions of the van Kampen theorem for Hawaiian…
A characterization of regular topological fundamental groups yields a `no retraction theorem' for spaces constructed in similar fashion to the Hawaiian earring.
We develop tools to recognize sequential spaces with large inductive dimension zero. We show the Hawaiian earring group $G$ is 0 dimensional, when endowed with the quotient topology, inherited from the space of based loops with the compact…
The natural quotient map q from the space of based loops in the Hawaiian earring onto the fundamental group provides a new example of a quotient map such that q x q fails to be a quotient map. This also settles in the negative the question…
The connected covering spaces of a connected and locally path-connected topological space $X$ can be classified by the conjugacy classes of those subgroups of $\pi_1(X,x)$ which contain an open normal subgroup of $\pi_1(X,x)$, when endowed…
The article is devoted to microbundles over topological rings. Their structure, homomorphisms, automorphisms and extensions are studied. Moreover, compactifications and inverse spectra of microbundles over topological rings are…
The article is devoted to a structure of topological spaces related with topological quasigroups. Regular and complete spaces over topological quasigroups are studied. Separations and embeddings are also investigated for them. Their…
This expository paper explores the interaction of group ordering with topological questions, especially in dimensions 2 and 3. Among the topics considered are surfaces, braid groups, 3-manifolds and their structures such as foliations and…
The topological fundamental group $\pi_{1}^{top}$ is a topological invariant that assigns to each space a quasi-topological group and is discrete on spaces which are well behaved locally. For a totally path-disconnected, Hausdorff, unbased…
The structure of topological spaces is analysed here through the lenses of fibrous preorders. Each topological space has an associated fibrous preorder and those fibrous preorders which return a topological space are called spacial. A…
The harmonic archipelago HA is obtained by attaching a large pinched annulus to every pair of consecutive loops of the Hawaiian earring. We clarify the fundamental group pi1(HA) as a quotient of the Hawaiian earring group, provide a precise…
We prove several new theorems regarding first homology. Some dichotomies for first homology of Peano continua are presented, as well as a notion of strong abelianization for arbitrary path connected metric spaces. We also show that the…
We attach copies of the circle to points of a countable dense subset $D$ of a separable metric space $X$ and construct an earring space $E(X,D)$. We show that the fundamental group of $E(X,D)$ is isomorphic to a subgroup of the Hawaiian…
The study of topological information of spatial objects has for a long time been a focus of research in disciplines like computational geometry, spatial reasoning, cognitive science, and robotics. While the majority of these researches…
Endowed with natural topologies, the fundamental group of the Hawaiian earring continuously injects into the inverse limit of free groups. This note shows the injection fails to have a continuous inverse. Such a phenomenon was unexpected…
By generalizing the whisker topology on the $n$th homotopy group of pointed space $(X, x_0)$, denoted by $\pi_n^{wh}(X, x_0)$, we show that $\pi_n^{wh}(X, x_0)$ is a topological group if $n \ge 2$. Also, we present some necessary and…
This article is devoted to the investigation of structure of wrap groups of connected fiber bundles over the fields of real $\bf R$, complex $\bf C$ numbers, the quaternion skew field $\bf H$ and the octonion algebra $\bf O$. Iterated wrap…