相关论文: The probability of the Alabama paradox

We consider collective decision making when the society consists of groups endowed with voting weights. Each group chooses an internal rule that specifies the allocation of its weight to the alternatives as a function of its members'…

A simple symmetric random walk in the space $\mathbb{Z}^2$ is considered. The asymptotic behavior as the number of jumps tends to infinity of the probability that a fixed edge of the random walk lies in the polygon that forms the boundary…

If a partition $\lambda$ of size n is chosen randomly according to the Plancherel measure $P_n[\lambda] = (\dim \lambda)^2/n!$, then as n goes to infinity, the rescaled shape of $\lambda$ is with high probability very close to a non-random…

We study the relationship between the well-known Carleman's condition guaranteeing that a probability distribution is uniquely determined by its moments, and a recent easily checkable condition on the rate of growth of the moments. We use…

For centuries, it has been widely believed that the influence of a small coalition of voters is negligible in a large election. Consequently, there is a large body of literature on characterizing the likelihood for an election to be…

We study a Bayesian binary sequential hypothesis testing problem with multiple large language models (LLMs). Each LLM $j$ has per-query cost $c_j>0$, random waiting time with mean $\mu_j>0$ and sub-Gaussian tails, and \emph{asymmetric}…

We examine Euclid's lemma that if $p$ is a prime number such that $p | ab$, then $p$ divides at least one of $a$ or $b$. Specifically, we consider the common misapplication of this lemma to numbers that are not prime, as is often made by…

We study a variant of quantum hypothesis testing wherein an additional 'inconclusive' measurement outcome is added, allowing one to abstain from attempting to discriminate the hypotheses. The error probabilities are then conditioned on a…

Using techniques from Poisson approximation, we prove explicit error bounds on the number of permutations that avoid any pattern. Most generally, we bound the total variation distance between the joint distribution of pattern occurrences…

Divisor methods are well known to satisfy house monotonicity, which allows representative seats to be allocated sequentially. We focus on stationary divisor methods defined by a rounding cutpoint $c \in [0,1]$. For such methods with…

We explore the probability that a permutation sampled from the symmetric group of order n uniformly at random has cycles of lengths not exceeding r. Asymptotic formulas valid in specified regions for the ratio n/r are obtained using the…

We describe some general results that constrain the dynamical fluctuations that can occur in non-equilibrium steady states, with a focus on molecular dynamics. That is, we consider Hamiltonian systems, coupled to external heat baths, and…

The entanglement asymmetry measures the extent to which a symmetry is broken within a subsystem of an extended quantum system. Here, we analyse this quantity in Haar random states for arbitrary compact, semi-simple Lie groups, building on…

We consider two related problems arising from a question of R. Graham on quasirandom phenomena in permutation patterns. A ``pattern'' in a permutation $\sigma$ is the order type of the restriction of $\sigma : [n] \to [n]$ to a subset $S…

The first observation of the paper is that methods for determining proportional representation in electoral systems may be suitable as alternatives to the pro-rata order matching algorithm used in stock exchanges. The main part of our work…

In this paper we consider the problem of uniformity testing with limited memory. We observe a sequence of independent identically distributed random variables drawn from a distribution $p$ over $[n]$, which is either uniform or is…

In this paper, we discuss P(n), the number of ways in which a given integer n may be written as a sum of primes. In particular, an asymptotic form P_as(n) valid for n towards infinity is obtained analytically using standard techniques of…

Predicting the long-lasting quasistationary state for a given initial state is one of central issues in Hamiltonian systems having long-range interaction. A recently proposed method is based on the Vlasov description and uniformly…

Approximations to the modified signed likelihood ratio statistic are asymptotically standard normal with error of order $n^{-1}$, where $n$ is the sample size. Proofs of this fact generally require that the sufficient statistic of the model…

Let $\lambda$ be a partition of the positive integer $n$, selected uniformly at random among all such partitions. Corteel et al. (1999) proposed three different procedures of sampling parts of $\lambda$ at random. They obtained limiting…