相关论文: A phase transition for the heights of a fragmentat…
Singularities in macroscopic systems at discontinuous phase transitions are replaced in finite systems by sharp but continuous changes. Both the energy differences between metastable and stable phases and the energy barriers separating…
Fractals are ubiquitous in the natural world, and their connection with phase transitions has been widely observed. This study investigates mechanisms of fractal formation from the perspective of phase transitions. A novel set of…
Recent studies have shown that one-dimensional driven systems can exhibit phase separation even if the dynamics is governed by local rules. The ABC model, which comprises three particle species that diffuse asymmetrically around a ring,…
We study a discrete-time random walk on the non-negative integers, such that when 0 is reached a jump occurs to an arbitrary location, with given probabilities. We obtain an asymptotic formula for the expected position at large times, in…
We study analytically the late time statistics of the number of particles in a growing tree model introduced by Aldous and Shields. In this model, a cluster grows in continuous time on a binary Cayley tree, starting from the root, by…
We study a mean field model of a complex network, focusing on edge and triangle densities. Our first result is the derivation of a variational characterization of the entropy density, compatible with the infinite node limit. We then…
The number partitioning problem can be interpreted physically in terms of a thermally isolated non-interacting Bose gas trapped in a one-dimensional harmonic oscillator potential. We exploit this analogy to characterize, by means of a…
The most important characteristics of the fragmentation of heterogeneous solids is that the mass (size) distribution of pieces is described by a power law functional form. The exponent of the distribution displays a high degree of…
The first passage is a generic concept for quantifying when a random quantity such as the position of a diffusing molecule or the value of a stock crosses a preset threshold (target) for the first time. The last decade saw an enlightening…
A liquid droplet is fragmented by a sudden pressurized-gas blow, and the resulting droplets, adhered to the window of a flatbed scanner, are counted and sized by computerized means. The use of a scanner plus image recognition software…
Extending notions of phase transitions to nonequilibrium realm is a fundamental problem for statistical mechanics. While it was discovered that critical transitions occur even for transient states before relaxation as the singularity of a…
A class of above-barrier quantum-scattering problems is shown to provide an experimentally-accessible platform for studying $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric Schr\"odinger equations that exhibit spontaneous $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry breaking despite…
Ecosystems often undergo abrupt regime shifts in response to gradual external changes. These shifts are theoretically understood as a regime switch between alternative stable states of the ecosystem dynamical response to smooth changes in…
Consider a branching random walk evolving in a macroscopic time-inhomogeneous environment, that scales with the length $n$ of the process under study. We compute the first two terms of the asymptotic of the maximal displacement at time $n$.…
A one dimensional stochastic exclusion process with two species of particles, $+$ and $-$, is studied where density of each species can fluctuate but the total particle density is conserved. From the exact stationary state weights we show…
Cellular differentiation and evolution are stochastic processes that can involve multiple types (or states) of particles moving on a complex, high-dimensional state-space or "fitness" landscape. Cells of each specific type can thus be…
We study a general setting of neutral evolution in which the population is of finite, constant size and can have spatial structure. Mutation leads to different genetic types ("traits"), which can be discrete or continuous. Under minimal…
The scattering phase, defined as $ \log \det S ( \lambda ) / 2\pi i $ where $ S ( \lambda ) $ is the (unitary) scattering matrix, is the analogue of the counting function for eigenvalues when dealing with exterior domains and is closely…
We analyse a biased random walk on a 1D lattice with unequal step lengths. Such a walk was recently shown to undergo a phase transition from a state containing a single connected cluster of visited sites to one with several clusters of…
Scattering moments provide nonparametric models of random processes with stationary increments. They are expected values of random variables computed with a nonexpansive operator, obtained by iteratively applying wavelet transforms and…