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We study the complexity of a particular class of board games, which we call `slide and merge' games. Namely, we consider 2048 and Threes, which are among the most popular games of their type. In both games, the player is required to slide…

计算复杂性 · 计算机科学 2015-01-19 Ahmed Abdelkader , Aditya Acharya , Philip Dasler

Ultimate Tic-Tac-Toe is a variant of the well known tic-tac-toe (noughts and crosses) board game. Two players compete to win three aligned "fields", each of them being a tic-tac-toe game. Each move determines which field the next player…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2020-06-09 Guillaume Bertholon , Rémi Géraud-Stewart , Axel Kugelmann , Théo Lenoir , David Naccache

We study a popular puzzle game known variously as Clickomania and Same Game. Basically, a rectangular grid of blocks is initially colored with some number of colors, and the player repeatedly removes a chosen connected monochromatic group…

计算复杂性 · 计算机科学 2007-05-23 Therese C. Biedl , Erik D. Demaine , Martin L. Demaine , Rudolf Fleischer , Lars Jacobsen , J. Ian Munro

Connect Four is a two-player game where each player attempts to be the first to create a sequence of four of their pieces, arranged horizontally, vertically, or diagonally, by dropping pieces into the columns of a grid of width seven and…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-02-18 Robert Steele , Daniel B. Larremore

We consider a card guessing game with complete feedback. An ordered deck of $n$ cards labeled $1$ up to $n$ is riffle-shuffled exactly one time. Given a value $p\in(0{,}1)\setminus\{\frac12\}$, the riffle shuffle is assumed to be…

组合数学 · 数学 2026-02-13 Markus Kuba

A positional game is a game where two players sequentially label vertices of a hypergraph, consisting of a board and a collection of winning sets, with colors assigned to each player until all vertices of the board are claimed. The first…

组合数学 · 数学 2021-09-02 Pranav Avadhanam , Siddhartha G. Jena

We introduce a new family of one-player games, involving the movement of coins from one configuration to another. Moves are restricted so that a coin can be placed only in a position that is adjacent to at least two other coins. The goal of…

离散数学 · 计算机科学 2007-05-23 Erik D. Demaine , Martin L. Demaine , Helena A. Verrill

We consider various probabilistic games with piles for one player or two players. In each round of the game, a player randomly chooses to add $a$ or $b$ chips to his pile under the condition that $a$ and $b$ are not necessarily positive. If…

组合数学 · 数学 2020-01-16 Ho-Hon Leung , Thotsaporn "Aek'' Thanatipanonda

A game starts with the empty graph on $n$ vertices, and two player alternate adding edges to the graph. Only moves which do not create a triangle are valid. The game ends when a maximal triangle-free graph is reached. The goal of one player…

组合数学 · 数学 2014-09-30 Csaba Biró , Paul Horn , D. Jacob Wildstrom

For any odd integer $n\geq3$ a board (of size $n$) is a square array of $n\times n$ positions with a simple rule of how to move between positions. The goal of the game we introduce is to find a path from the upper left corner of a board to…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-03-05 Ary Shaviv

We analyze the computational complexity of optimally playing the two-player board game Push Fight, generalized to an arbitrary board and number of pieces. We prove that the game is PSPACE-hard to decide who will win from a given position,…

计算复杂性 · 计算机科学 2018-03-13 Jeffrey Bosboom , Erik D. Demaine , Mikhail Rudoy

We present and analyze PackIt!, a turn-based game consisting of packing rectangles on an $n \times n$ grid. PackIt! can be easily played on paper, either as a competitive two-player game or in \emph{solitaire} fashion. On the $t$-th turn, a…

组合数学 · 数学 2024-05-17 Thomas Garrison , Marijn J. H. Heule , Bernardo Subercaseaux

We study a simple motion differential game of many pursuers and one evader in the plane. We give a nonempty closed convex set in the plane, and the pursuers and evader move on this set. They cannot leave this set during the game. Control…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2015-05-04 Idham Arif Alias , Gafurjan Ibragimov , Massimiliano Ferrara , Mehdi Salimi , Mansor Monsi

In this paper we investigate a differential game in which countably many dynamical objects pursue a single one. All the players perform simple motions. The duration of the game is fixed. The controls of a group of pursuers are subject to…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2014-10-10 Mehdi Salimi , Gafurjan Ibragimov , Stefan Siegmund , Somayeh Sharifi

Graph Pebbling is a well-studied single-player game on graphs. We introduce the game of Blocking Pebbles which adapts Graph Pebbling into a two-player strategy game in order to examine it within the context of Combinatorial Game Theory.…

组合数学 · 数学 2017-12-18 Michael Fisher , Craig Tennenhouse

The Bulgarian solitaire is a mathematical card game played by one person. A pack of n cards is divided into several decks (or "piles"). Each move consists of the removing of one card from each deck and collecting the removed cards to form a…

组合数学 · 数学 2015-03-04 Vesselin Drensky

We consider a card guessing game with complete feedback. A ordered deck of n cards labeled 1 up to n is riffle-shuffled exactly one time. Then, the goal of the game is to maximize the number of correct guesses of the cards, where one after…

组合数学 · 数学 2023-08-31 Markus Kuba , Alois Panholzer

Morpion Solitaire is a pencil-and-paper game for a single player. A move in this game consists of putting a cross at a lattice point and then drawing a line segment that passes through exactly five consecutive crosses. The objective is to…

离散数学 · 计算机科学 2014-01-16 Akitoshi Kawamura , Takuma Okamoto , Yuichi Tatsu , Yushi Uno , Masahide Yamato

We prove that the 2017 puzzle game ZHED is NP-complete, even with just 1 tiles. Such a puzzle is defined by a set of unit-square 1 tiles in a square grid, and a target square of the grid. A move consists of selecting an unselected 1 tile…

计算复杂性 · 计算机科学 2021-12-16 Sagnik Saha , Erik D. Demaine

The vertex-edge marking game is played between two players on a graph, $G=(V,E)$, with one player marking vertices and the other marking edges. The players want to minimize/maximize, respectively, the number of marked edges incident to an…