数论

An account is given on newest developments on $p$-adic boundary value problems on $p$-adic analytic manifolds and their relationship with diffusion. In particular, novel coordinate Laplacians on $p$-adic analytic $n$-manifolds constructed…

In 1999, Lawrence and Zagier expressed the Witten-Reshetikhin-Turaev (WRT) invariant of the Poincar\'e homology sphere as the limiting value of the Eichler integral of a weight 3/2 modular form. Habiro's construction of the unified WRT…

In this paper, we establish a new lower bound for the number of low-lying zeros of Dirichlet $L$-functions $L(s, \chi)$ on the critical line within extremely short intervals. Specifically, for a sufficiently large prime $P$ and real number…

In 1998, Bremner conjectured that elliptic curves over the rationals having long sequences of distinct rational points whose $x$-coordinates are in arithmetic progression, have large rank. This was proved some years ago in a strong form as…

A multiple Gauss sum is a complete multiple exponential sum twisted by Dirichlet characters. We prove a new bound for multiple Gauss sums and, as an application, improve previous results in the Birch--Goldbach problem. Let $F_1, \ldots, F_R…

Let $C$ be a hyperelliptic curve of genus $g\ge 2$ over a discrete valuation field $K$ with perfect residue field. We study the minimal Weierstrass models of $C$. When there is more than one such model, we find interesting properties on the…

We give a new integral representation of the $\wedge^2 \otimes \mathrm{std}_2$ $L$-function of generic cusp forms on $\mathbf{GL}_4 \times \mathbf{GL}_2$ and $\mathbf{GU}_{2,2}\times \mathbf{GL}_2$. In the former case, we use it to prove a…

We study a problem of Douglass and Ono concerning the smallest integer $n$ such that the partition function $p(n)$ begins with a specified string of digits $f$ in base $b$. By employing an elementary discrepancy framework, we establish new…

Let $\mathbb{N}$ be the set of natural numbers and $\mathcal{S}_r=\big\{1^r, 2^r, 3^r,\cdots\big\}$ the set of $r$-th powers, where $r\ge 2$ is a natural number. Let $\mathcal{W}_r$ be an additive complement of $\mathcal{S}_r$ and $$…

In a previous work, the authors resolved a conjecture about the structure of prime-detecting quasi-modular forms by studying sign changes occurring in quasi-modular cusp forms. In this paper, we extend the considerations to prime-detecting…

We establish a lower bound for the frequency with which an irreducible monic cubic polynomial with negative discriminant can be expressed as a sum of two squares ($\square_{2}$). This provides a quantitative answer to a question posed by…

Let $K$ be a non-archimedean local field and $\varphi : \mathbb{P}^1 \to \mathbb{P}^1$ a rational endomorphism of degree $d \geq 2$ over $K$. In the tame case ($p \nmid d$), we show that strict good reduction is equivalent to the existence…

In 1975, G. E. Andrews challenged the mathematics community to address L. Ehrenpreis' problem, which was to directly prove the modularity of the Rogers-Ramanujan $q$-series' summatory forms. This question is important because many different…

Given positive integers $h, N$ satisfying $1 \leqslant h \leqslant 2N^2$, we define $T(h,N)$ to be the number of $2\times 2$ integer matrices with determinant equal to $h$ whose entries lie in $[-N,N]$. Our main result states that for any…

We provide two new proofs of the infinitude of prime numbers, using the additive Ramsey-theoretic result known as Folkman's theorem (alternatively, one can think of these proofs as using Hindman's theorem). This adds to the existing…

The sequence $({\mathscr S}_Q)_Q$ of $\operatorname{SL}(2,{\mathbb N})$-saturated Farey fractions was defined in our previous work by ${\mathscr S}_Q := \{ a/q \in {\mathbb Q} \cap (0,1]: q+a+\bar{a} \le Q\}$, where $\bar{a}$ is the…

By applying interpretable machine learning methods such as decision trees, we study how simple models can classify the Galois groups of Galois extensions over $\mathbb{Q}$ of degrees 4, 6, 8, 9, and 10, using Dedekind zeta coefficients. Our…

In this paper we study the Pythagoras number $\mathcal{P}(\mathcal{O}_K)$ for the rings of integers in totally real biquadratic fields $K$. We continue the work of Tinkov\'a towards proving the conjecture by Kr\'asensk\'y, Ra\v{s}ka and…

Let $\triangle$ denote the integers represented by the quadratic form $x^2+xy+y^2$ and $\square_{2}$ denote the numbers represented as a sum of two squares. For a non-zero integer $a$, let $S(\triangle,\square_{2},a)$ be the set of integers…

Using Newton polygons, a key factorization result for polynomials over discrete valuation domains is proved, which in particular yields new irreducibility criteria including a generalization of the classical irreducibility criterion of…