欧几里得快速数据发布 (Q1)。敏捷镜头：基于可扩展 CNN 的强引力镜识别流水线
星系天体物理
2026-04-09 v1 计算机视觉与模式识别
摘要
我们提出了一个用于高效识别强型星系-星系引力镜系统的端到端、迭代流水线，应用于欧几里得 Q1 影像数据。从 VIS 目录开始，我们剔除点状源，对引力镜星系施加 I 24 的星等限制，并运行像素级的伪影/噪声滤波器构建 96 96 像素的裁切图块；构造 VIS+NISP 颜色合成图像，采用以 VIS 为锚的亮度方案，既保留 VIS 形貌又保持 NISP 颜色对比度。VIS 单通道种子分类器用于筛选出明确的阳性样本及典型的伪阳性样本，随后人工筛选形态平衡的负样本集合并对稀缺阳性样本进行增广。最初研究的六种 CNN 模型中，修改版 VGG16（GlobalAveragePooling + 256/128 全连接层，最后九层可训练）性能最佳；训练集从 27 个种子镜头（增广至 1809）加上 2000 个负样本扩展至 30,686 张彩色图像的数据集。经过三轮迭代微调后，对最终模型预测的前 4000 个候选对象进行人工评估，得到 441 个等级 A/B 级候选引力镜系统，其中 311 个与现有的 Q1 强引力镜目录重叠，另有 130 个未前述的 A/B 级候选（其中 9 个 A 级、121 个 B 级）。独立地，该模型在其前 20,000 个预测中恢复了 740 个（占 905 个的 81.8%）候选 Q1 镜头，考虑到偏离中心样本。候选对象覆盖 I 17--24 AB 星等（中位值为 21.3 AB 星等），且在 Y--H 颜色上偏红于母体样本，与质量较大的早型引力镜星系相符。每次训练迭代仅需小团队一周时间，方法易于扩展至未来的欧几里得数据发布；后续工作将通过镜头注入校准选取函数，通过不确定性感知式主动学习扩展召回率，探索多尺度或注意力机制神经网络，采用快速事后评估器并纳入镜头模型进行分类。
引用
@article{arxiv.2604.06648,
title = {Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1). AgileLens: A scalable CNN-based pipeline for strong gravitational lens identification},
author = {Euclid Collaboration and X. Xu and R. Chen and T. Li and A. R. Cooray and S. Schuldt and J. A. Acevedo Barroso and D. Stern and D. Scott and M. Meneghetti and G. Despali and J. Chopra and Y. Cao and M. Cheng and J. Buda and J. Zhang and J. Furumizo and R. Valencia and Z. Jiang and C. Tortora and N. E. P. Lines and T. E. Collett and S. Fotopoulou and A. Galan and A. Manjón-García and R. Gavazzi and L. Iwamoto and S. Kruk and M. Millon and P. Nugent and C. Saulder and D. Sluse and J. Wilde and M. Walmsley and F. Courbin and R. B. Metcalf and B. Altieri and A. Amara and S. Andreon and N. Auricchio and C. Baccigalupi and M. Baldi and A. Balestra and S. Bardelli and P. Battaglia and R. Bender and A. Biviano and E. Branchini and M. Brescia and S. Camera and V. Capobianco and C. Carbone and V. F. Cardone and J. Carretero and S. Casas and M. Castellano and G. Castignani and S. Cavuoti and A. Cimatti and C. Colodro-Conde and G. Congedo and C. J. Conselice and L. Conversi and Y. Copin and H. M. Courtois and M. Cropper and A. Da Silva and H. Degaudenzi and G. De Lucia and C. Dolding and H. Dole and F. Dubath and X. Dupac and S. Dusini and S. Escoffier and M. Farina and R. Farinelli and S. Farrens and S. Ferriol and F. Finelli and P. Fosalba and M. Frailis and E. Franceschi and M. Fumana and S. Galeotta and K. George and W. Gillard and B. Gillis and C. Giocoli and P. Gómez-Alvarez and J. Gracia-Carpio and A. Grazian and F. Grupp and S. V. H. Haugan and W. Holmes and F. Hormuth and A. Hornstrup and K. Jahnke and M. Jhabvala and B. Joachimi and S. Kermiche and A. Kiessling and B. Kubik and M. Kümmel and M. Kunz and H. Kurki-Suonio and A. M. C. Le Brun and S. Ligori and P. B. Lilje and V. Lindholm and I. Lloro and G. Mainetti and E. Maiorano and O. Mansutti and S. Marcin and O. Marggraf and M. Martinelli and N. Martinet and F. Marulli and R. J. Massey and E. Medinaceli and S. Mei and M. Melchior and E. Merlin and G. Meylan and A. Mora and M. Moresco and L. Moscardini and R. Nakajima and C. Neissner and R. C. Nichol and S. -M. Niemi and J. W. Nightingale and C. Padilla and S. Paltani and F. Pasian and K. Pedersen and W. J. Percival and V. Pettorino and G. Polenta and M. Poncet and L. A. Popa and F. Raison and A. Renzi and J. Rhodes and G. Riccio and E. Romelli and M. Roncarelli and R. Saglia and Z. Sakr and D. Sapone and M. Schirmer and P. Schneider and T. Schrabback and A. Secroun and G. Seidel and E. Sihvola and P. Simon and C. Sirignano and G. Sirri and L. Stanco and P. Tallada-Crespí and A. N. Taylor and I. Tereno and N. Tessore and S. Toft and R. Toledo-Moreo and F. Torradeflot and I. Tutusaus and L. Valenziano and J. Valiviita and T. Vassallo and G. Verdoes Kleijn and A. Veropalumbo and Y. Wang and J. Weller and A. Zacchei and G. Zamorani and F. M. Zerbi and E. Zucca and M. Ballardini and M. Bolzonella and C. Burigana and R. Cabanac and M. Calabrese and A. Cappi and T. Castro and J. A. Escartin Vigo and L. Gabarra and S. Hemmati and J. Macias-Perez and R. Maoli and J. Martín-Fleitas and N. Mauri and P. Monaco and A. A. Nucita and A. Pezzotta and M. Pöntinen and I. Risso and V. Scottez and M. Sereno and M. Tenti and M. Tucci and M. Viel and M. Wiesmann and Y. Akrami and I. T. Andika and G. Angora and S. Anselmi and M. Archidiacono and F. Atrio-Barandela and L. Bazzanini and P. Bergamini and D. Bertacca and M. Bethermin and F. Beutler and L. Blot and S. Borgani and M. L. Brown and S. Bruton and A. Calabro and B. Camacho Quevedo and F. Caro and C. S. Carvalho and F. Cogato and S. Conseil and O. Cucciati and S. Davini and G. Desprez and A. Díaz-Sánchez and S. Di Domizio and J. M. Diego and P. -A. Duc and V. Duret and M. Y. Elkhashab and A. Enia and Y. Fang and A. Finoguenov and A. Franco and K. Ganga and T. Gasparetto and E. Gaztanaga and F. Giacomini and F. Gianotti and G. Gozaliasl and M. Guidi and C. M. Gutierrez and A. Hall and C. Hernández-Monteagudo and H. Hildebrandt and J. Hjorth and J. J. E. Kajava and Y. Kang and V. Kansal and D. Karagiannis and K. Kiiveri and J. Kim and C. C. Kirkpatrick and F. Lepori and G. Leroy and G. F. Lesci and J. Lesgourgues and T. I. Liaudat and S. J. Liu and M. Magliocchetti and E. A. Magnier and F. Mannucci and C. J. A. P. Martins and L. Maurin and M. Miluzio and C. Moretti and G. Morgante and K. Naidoo and A. Navarro-Alsina and S. Nesseris and D. Paoletti and F. Passalacqua and K. Paterson and L. Patrizii and A. Pisani and D. Potter and G. W. Pratt and S. Quai and M. Radovich and K. Rojas and W. Roster and S. Sacquegna and M. Sahlén and D. B. Sanders and E. Sarpa and C. Scarlata and A. Schneider and M. Schultheis and D. Sciotti and E. Sellentin and L. C. Smith and K. Tanidis and C. Tao and F. Tarsitano and G. Testera and R. Teyssier and S. Tosi and A. Troja and A. Venhola and D. Vergani and G. Vernardos and G. Verza and S. Vinciguerra and N. A. Walton and A. H. Wright and H. W. Yeung},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2604.06648},
year = {2026}
}
备注
30 pages, 16 figures