相关论文: Operator Gauge Symmetry in QED
We address gauge invariance in the statistical mechanics of quantum many-body systems. The gauge transformation acts on the position and momentum degrees of freedom and it is represented by a quantum shifting superoperator that maps quantum…
Differences between vector potentials in different gauges contain no dynamics in both classical and quantum electrodynamics and chromodynamics. Consequently, once gauge invariance is established, results calculated in non-covariant gauges…
In curved spacetime, Maxwell's equations can be expressed in forms valid in Minkowski background, with the effect of the metric (gravity) appearing as effective polarizations and magnetizations. The electric and magnetic (EM) fields depend…
Recent experimental results on slow light heighten interest in nonlinear Maxwell theories. We obtain Galilei covariant equations for electromagnetism by allowing special nonlinearities in the constitutive equations only, keeping Maxwell's…
To describe charged particles interacting with the quantized electromagnetic field, we point out the differences of working in the so-called generalized and the true Coulomb gauges. We find an explicit gauge transformation between them for…
We examine the unitarity of a class of generalized Maxwell U(1) gauge theories in (2+1) D containing the pseudodifferential operator $\Box^{1-\alpha}$, for $\alpha \in [0,1)$. We show that only Quantum Electrodynamics (QED$_3$) and its…
We present gauge invariant, self adjoint Einstein operators for mixed symmetry higher spin theories. The result applies to multi-forms, multi-symmetric forms and mixed antisymmetric and symmetric multi-forms. It also yields explicit action…
We construct gauge invariant operators in non-commutative gauge theories which in the IR reduce to the usual operators of ordinary field theories (e.g. F^2). We show that in the deep UV the two-point functions of these operators admit a…
Starting from the Weyl gauge formulation of quantum electrodynamics (QED), the formalism of quantum-mechanical gauge fixing is extended using techniques from nonrelativistic QED. This involves expressing the redundant gauge degrees of…
The gauge compensation fields induced by the differential operators of the Stueckelberg-Schr\"odinger equation are discussed, as well as the relation between these fields and the standard Maxwell fields. An action is constructed and the…
Cavity QED canonical quantization theory is developed, taking into consideration the dual symmetry of Maxwell equations. The expression for the charge quantum is established for the first time.
Modern undergraduate textbooks in electricity and magnetism typically focus on a force representation of electrodynamics with an emphasis on Maxwell's Equations and the Lorentz Force Law. The vector potential $\mathbf{A}$ and scalar…
Maxwell's equations are modified to incorporate a scalar field to account for the London's superconductivity. Assuming the electromagnetic field is described by the Klein-Gordon equation, London's equations of superconductivity are then…
On Riemannian signature conformal 4-manifolds we give a conformally invariant extension of the Maxwell operator on 1-forms. We show the extension is in an appropriate sense injectively elliptic, and recovers the invariant gauge operator of…
Using connection with quantum field theory, the infinitesimal covariant abelian gauge transformation laws of relativistic two-particle constraint theory wave functions and potentials are established and weak invariance of the corresponding…
Since the Maxwell theory of electromagnetic phenomena is a gauge theory, it is quite important to evaluate the zero-point energy of the quantized electromagnetic field by a careful assignment of boundary conditions on the potential and on…
We investigate certain invariance properties of quantum fluids subject to a nonlinear gauge potential. In particular, we derive the covariant transformation laws for the nonlinear potentials under a space-time Galilean boost and consider…
The form of Maxwell's theory is well known in the framework of general relativity, a fact that is related to the applicability of the principle of equivalence to electromagnetic phenomena. We pose the question whether this form changes if…
The covariant Maxwell equations are derived from the continuity equation for the electric charge. This result provides an axiomatic approach to Maxwell's equations in which charge conservation is emphasized as the fundamental axiom…
An appropriate field configuration in non-polynomial closed string field theory is shown to correspond to a general off-shell field configuration in low energy effective field theory. A set of string field theoretic symmetries that act on…