相关论文: Operator Gauge Symmetry in QED

We examine a covariant quantization of electromagnetic fields by using an operator derived from a constant scalar that can be called extended Lorentz gauge. The quantization can avoid an inconsistency between Lorentz gauge and a commutation…

A fully relativistically covariant and manifestly gauge invariant formulation of classical Maxwell electrodynamics is presented, purely in terms of gauge invariant potentials without entailing any gauge fixing. We show that the…

A first-order gauge invariant formulation for the two-dimensional quantum rigid rotor is long known in the theoretical physics community as an isolated peculiar model. Parallel to that fact, the longstanding constraints abelianization…

The theory of the free Maxwell field in two moving frames on the de Sitter spacetime is investigated pointing out that the conserved momentum and energy operators do not commute to each other. This leads us to consider new plane waves…

Operators play a substantial role in mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics. However, explicit forms of the operators are usually postulated, based on the intuitive assumptions. In this study, variational principle was applied to the…

Linear quiver ${\cal N}=1$ 5d gauge theory in $\Omega$ background is considered. It is shown that under certain restrictions on the VEV's of the adjoint scalar field corresponding to the first node, only the array of Young diagrams, such…

This paper undertakes a study of the nature of the force associated with the local U (1) gauge symmetry of a non-relativistic quantum particle. To ensure invariance under local U (1) symmetry, a matter field must couple to a gauge field. We…

This paper develops a detailed lattice-continuum correspondence for all common examples of Abelian gauge theories, with and without matter. These rules for extracting a continuum theory out of a lattice one represent an elementary way to…

A variational principle for gauge theories of gravity is presented, which maintains manifest covariance under the symmetries to which the action is invariant, throughout the calculation of the equations of motion and conservation laws. This…

Massless QED(1+1) - the Schwinger model - is studied in a covariant gauge. The main new ingredient is an operator solution of the Dirac equation expressed directly in terms of the fields present in the Lagrangian. This allows us to study in…

Essential to QCD applications of the operator product expansion, etc., is a knowledge of those operators that mix with gauge-invariant operators. A standard theorem asserts that the renormalization matrix is triangular: Gauge-invariant…

The question of gauge-covariance in the non-Abelian gauge-field formulation of two space-dimensional systems with spin-orbit coupling relevant to spintronics is investigated. Although, these are generally gauge-fixed models, it is found…

Dirac's quantization of the Maxwell theory on non-commutative spaces has been considered. First class constraints were found which are the same as in classical electrodynamics. The gauge covariant quantization of the non-linear equations of…

A gauge transformation in quantum electrodynamics involves the product of field operators at the same space-time point and hence does not have a well-defined meaning. One way to avoid this difficulty is to generalize the gauge…

We present a systematic theoretical framework for investigating first-order electromagnetic (EM) perturbations induced by gravitational waves (GWs). Beginning with the covariant Maxwell equations, we derive the complete first-order…

We present a gauge formulation of the special affine algebra extended to include an antisymmetric tensorial generator belonging to the tensor representation of the special linear group. We then obtain a Maxwell modified metric affine…

We identify infinitely many non-invertible generalized global symmetries in QED and QCD for the real world in the massless limit. In QED, while there is no conserved Noether current for the $U(1)_\text{A}$ axial symmetry because of the ABJ…

In this thesis quantum gauge theories are considered in the framework of local, causal perturbation theory. Gauge invariance is described in terms of the BRS formalism. Local interacting field operators are constructed perturbatively and…

An algebraic formulation of general relativity is proposed. The formulation is applicable to quantum gravity and noncommutative space. To investigate quantum gravity we develop the canonical formalism of operator geometry, after…

It is shown that gauge theories are most naturally studied via a polar decomposition of the field variable. Gauge transformations may be viewed as those that leave the density invariant but change the phase variable by additive amounts. The…